中国珍稀食用菌产业发展现状与趋势  

Development status and trend of rareedible mushrooms industry in China

作　　者：董浩然 于海龙[1] 周峰[1] 陈辉[1] 陈美元[2] 张敏[3] 唐杰 谭琦[1] DONG Haoran;YU Hailong;ZHOU Feng;CHEN Hui;CHEN Meiyuan;ZHANG Min;TANG Jie;TAN Qi(Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350012,China;Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China;Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,上海201403 [2]福建省农业科学院食用菌研究所,福建福州350012 [3]辽宁省农业科学院食用菌研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [4]四川省食用菌研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《食药用菌》2024年第2期77-83,共7页Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms

基　　金：山东省重点研发项目(2023LZGCQY013);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20)。

摘　　要：2021年我国食用菌产量除前7大品种香菇、黑木耳、平菇、毛木耳、金针菇、杏鲍菇和双孢蘑菇外,其他食用菌(即珍稀食用菌)总产量为720万吨,占食用菌总产量4133.94万吨的17.42%,品种包括茶薪菇(茶树菇)、羊肚菌、牛肝菌、滑菇、蛹虫草等20余种。介绍目前中国珍稀食用菌产业发展具有品种多但产量占比不高;产地集中度较高,地域特色明显;新品种和新栽培模式不断出现等特点。分析茶薪菇、滑菇、大球盖菇、竹荪、羊肚菌、蛹虫草、灰树花、长根菇、牛肝菌、金耳等10种珍稀食用菌的发展现状及存在问题。指出未来珍稀食用菌发展前景广阔,并提出注重全产业链标准体系的建设、注意高质量适度发展、关注产业链延伸等发展建议。In 2021,except for the top 7 varieties of mushroom,Lentinula edodes,Auricularia auricularia,pleurotus ostreatus,Auricularia cornea,Flammulinafiliformisb,Pleurotus eryngiiand Agaricus bisporus,the total output of other edible mushrooms(i.e.rare edible mushrooms)is 7.20 million tons,accounting for 17.47%of the total output of edible mushrooms of 41.34 million tons.The rare edible mushroom varieties mainly include more than 20 species such as Agrocybaegerita,Morchellaspp.,Phlebopusportentosus,Pholitanameko,Cordyceps militaris.At present,the development of China’s rare edible mushroom industry features diverse varieties but low proportion of production;high regional concentration and distinct regional characteristics;and the continuous emergence of new varieties and new cultivating patterns.The paper briefly analyzes the development status and existing problems of 10 rare edible mushrooms,including Agrocybaegerita,Pholitanameko,Stropharia rugosoannulata,Dictyophoraindusiata,Morchellaspp.,Cordyceps militaris,Grifolafrondosa,Oudemansiellaradicata,Phlebopusportentosusand Tremella aurantialba.Pointing out the broad prospect for the development of rare edible mushrooms in the future,and proposing development suggestions such as emphasizing the construction of the standard system for the entire industry chain,paying attention to high-quality and moderate development,and the extension of the industry chain.

关 键 词：珍稀食用菌 发展现状 存在问题 栽培模式 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]