塔西南阿尔塔什剖面下石炭统和什拉甫组生物礁地质特征  

Geological characteristics of the Lower Carboniferous Heshirafu Formation reef in the Artashi section in the Southwest Tarim Basin

作　　者：王翼君 杨光 王振宇[1] 唐洪明[1] 张云峰[1] 屈海洲[1] WANG Yijun;YANG Guang;WANG Zhenyu;TANG Hongming;ZHANG Yunfeng;QU Haizhou(School of Geocience and Technology,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,成都610500

出　　处：《地质科技通报》2024年第2期99-110,共12页Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41702163,42272181)。

摘　　要：生物礁研究对沉积环境与油气勘探具有重要意义,但目前对于塔西南石炭系生物礁研究相对较少。深入解析了塔西南阿尔塔什剖面早石炭世维宪期中-晚期和什拉甫组生物礁地质特征,并在此基础上深入探讨了塔西南早石炭世沉积环境以及该生物礁在全球早石炭世生物礁演化中的意义。结果表明:该套生物礁的造礁生物主要为各种群体珊瑚以及少量单体珊瑚,附礁生物主要为棘皮动物等,造礁和附礁生物类型相对单一。礁体的生长受陆源物质的影响而中断,这和塔西南山前早石炭世频繁的海平面变化有关。该生物礁是继晚泥盆世生物大灭绝后,伴随着维宪期中-晚期气候变暖、全球海平面上升,全球范围内后生动物骨架礁开始复苏的产物之一,该生物礁的地质特征在全球早石炭世维宪期生物礁中具有普遍性。此外,根据对阿尔塔什剖面和什拉甫组以及相邻的库山河剖面罕铁热克组的整体沉积相分析,推测早石炭世维宪期,受当时全球海平面上升的影响以及塔西南地区在早石炭世开始形成被动大陆边缘并开始下沉,使得塔西南地区从早石炭世开始发生自南西向北东方向的海侵,在塔西南山前也逐渐形成了狭长的台地边缘相带,这有利于生物礁的发育,并在和什拉甫组时期自陆向海形成了“滨岸相-泻湖相-台地边缘相-斜坡相-陆棚相”的沉积体系。沉积体系的划分不仅可以为塔西南地区石炭纪古气候、古环境研究而且可以为其油气勘探提供参考。[Objective] Research on reefs is highly important for determining sedimentary environments and for oil and gas exploration,but relatively few studies have been conducted on Carboniferous reefs in the Southwest Tarim Basin.[Methods] Early Carboniferous reefs of the Heshirafu Formation in the Artashi section in the Southwest Tarim Basin formed in the Middle-Late Visean section of the Early Carboniferous.Reef-building organisms and accessory organisms were not quite diversified;the former mainly consisted of colonial corals of different kinds and solitary corals of a small number,and the latter were mostly echinoderms.[Results] Their growth was suspended due to less supply of terrigenous materials largely related to the frequent sea level changes in the Early Carboniferous in the piedmont structures of the Southwest Tarim Basin.These reefs are among the products of the recovery of metazoan skeleton reefs across the globe after the Late Devonian mass extinction;their occurrence was accompanied by mid-to late-stage Visean climate warming and global sea level rise.These reefs are common in the Early Carboniferous Visean reefs worldwide.In addition,according to the overall sedimentary facies of the Heshirafu Formation in the Artashi section and the adjacent Hantiereke Formation in the Kushanhe section,it is speculated that a transgression occurred from southwest to northeast in the Visean period of the Early Carboniferous in the Southwest Tarim Basin when the global sea level was rising and a passive continental margin was simultaneously forming and beginning to sink.As a result,a narrow platform margin facies belt gradually took shape in the piedmont structure of the Southwest Tarim Basin.This belt was conducive to the development of biological reefs.Then,when the Heshirafu Formation formed,a depositional system of "shore facies-lagoon facies-platform margin facies-slope facies-continental shelf facies" developed in a seaward direction.[Conclusion] The classification of sedimentary systems can provide a reference for C

关 键 词：阿尔塔什 生物礁 早石炭世 珊瑚 海平面 和什拉甫组 

分 类 号：P534[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]