北方岩溶区降水入渗补给系数及补给机制:以羊庄岩溶水系统为例  

Recharge coefficients and recharge mechanisms of precipitation to groundwater in karst areas of North China:A case study of Yangzhuang karst water system

作　　者：康凤新 郑婷婷 冯亚伟[5,6] 徐秋晓 刘彬涛 王义生 李传谟[5] KANG Fengxin;ZHENG Tingting;FENG Yawei;XU Qiuxiao;LIU Bintao;WANG Yisheng;LI Chuanmo(College of Earth Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao Shandong 266590,China;Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater,Jinan 250014,China;School of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology&Mineral Resources,Jinan 250014,China;Shandong Lunan Geological Engineering Survey Institute(The Second Geological Brigade,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology&Mineral Resources),Jining 272100,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Geology,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology&Mineral Resources,Jining 272100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,山东青岛266590 [2]山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心,济南250014 [3]济南大学水利与环境学院,济南250022 [4]山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八○一水文地质工程地质大队,济南250014 [5]山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队),山东济宁272100 [6]山东省地质矿产勘查开发局岩溶地质重点实验室,山东济宁272100

出　　处：《地质科技通报》2024年第2期268-282,共15页Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42072331,U1906209);泰山学者工程专项经费(tstp20230626)。

摘　　要：为建立北方岩溶区水文地质参数系列,提高岩溶地下水可采资源计算精度,笔者团队于20世纪80年代开始,在山东羊庄封闭式泉排型岩溶水系统开展了岩溶水均衡试验研究,积累了40余年的监测试验数据。根据长期野外水均衡要素观测资料,推导出裸露型、半覆盖型和覆盖型岩溶区降水入渗补给系数计算公式,建立了岩溶区降水入渗补给系数α与降水量P和地下水位埋深D的相关方程,以及可调控的最大降水入渗补给系数系列,揭示了降水入渗补给过程与α变化机制。结果表明:α随水位埋深D的改变而改变,每个降水量P段分别对应一个最大降水入渗补给系数α_(max)和最大降水入渗补给量即补给极限G_(max),相应的水位埋深便是最佳水位埋深D_(critical)。D>D_(critical)时,包气带截留量随着水位埋深的增大而增大,α<α_(max);D<D_(critical)时,地表径流量随着地下水位埋深的减小而增大,α<α_(max)。不同的降水量段对应不同的D_(critical),降水量增大时,对应的α_(max)及D_(critical)也增大。在任意水位埋深时,G_(max)为蓄满产流临界降水量与包气带最大截流量之差。本研究解决了岩溶区降水入渗补给的关键科学问题,即揭示降水入渗补给机制、建立降水入渗补给系数与降水量和水位埋深的定量关系,提升了我国北方岩溶水资源基础性研究水平。[Objective]To establish a series of hydrogeological parameter for karst areas in North China,an on-site experimental study on water balance has been carried out since the 1980s in a closed spring-drainage karst water system in Yangzhuang,Shandong Province.[Methods]Based on long-term field observations of water balance elements spanning more than 40 years,the formulas for calculating precipitation infiltration recharge coefficients in bare,semi-covered and covered karst areas were derived.The correlation equations of the precipitation infiltration recharge coefficientαwith precipitation P and water table depth D,as well as the series of adjustable maximum precipitation infiltration recharge coefficients in karst areas,were also established.The processes of precipitation infiltration and recharge and the mechanism ofαchange were explored.[Results]The results showed thatαvaried with D.Each rainfall segment P corresponded to a maximum precipitation infiltration recharge coefficientα_(max)and a maximum precipitation infiltration recharge volume,namely,the recharge limit G_(max),while the corresponding depth of water table was the optimal depth of water table D_(critical).When D was greater than D_(critical),the interception of the vadose zone increased with increasing water table depth andαwas less thanα_(max).When D was less than D_(critical),the surface runoff increased with decreasing water table depth andαwas less thanα_(max).Different rainfall segments corresponded to different D_(critical),and the correspondingα_(max)and D_(critical)increased with increasing precipitation.At any water table depth,G_(max)was constant and equal to the difference between the critical rainfall of saturation excess runoff and the maximum interception volume of vadose zone.[Conclusion]This study addressed the key scientific issues related to precipitation infiltration recharge in karst areas and improved the research level of karst water resources in North China.

关 键 词：岩溶水系统 包气带截留量 蓄满产流量 降水入渗补给系数 补给机制 羊庄盆地 北方岩溶区 

分 类 号：P641.2[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]