面向高性能摩擦纳米发电机的电介质材料  

Dielectric materials for high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators

作　　者：邓浩程 李祎[1] 田双双 张晓星 肖淞[1] Deng Hao-Cheng;Li Yi;Tian Shuang-Shuang;Zhang Xiao-Xing;Xiao Song(State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection,School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学电气与自动化学院,电网环境保护全国重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]湖北工业大学电气与电子工程学院,新能源及电网装备安全监测湖北省工程研究中心,武汉430068

出　　处：《物理学报》2024年第7期8-27,共20页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:52207169)资助的课题。

摘　　要：摩擦纳米发电机(triboelectric nanogenerator,TENG)作为微纳电源或自取能传感器近年来在多领域表现出广阔的应用潜力.TENG的输出性能提升与作为摩擦起电层的电介质材料接触起电特性密切相关.本文首先介绍了TENG及其电介质摩擦起电层的相关基础理论和模型;其次,阐述了TENG电介质材料的选材、改性(表面改性、体改性)和结构设计策略,其中表面改性和体改性涉及表面粗糙度控制、官能团调控、电介质材料介电参数优化,在电介质的结构设计方面,重点介绍了电荷传输层、捕获层、阻挡层的原理及通过多层结构来提高TENG介电性能的典型方法;最后,强调了本领域发展面临的挑战和未来发展趋势,为面向高性能TENG的纳米电介质材料开发提供参考.Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),as a micro-nano power source or self-powered sensor,has shown great prospects in various industries in recent years.The TENG output performance is closely related to the contact electrification characteristics of the triboelectric dielectric material.Herein,we first introduce the relevant fundamental theory and models of TENG and tribo-dielectrics.Then,we introduce the material selection,modification method(including surface modification and bulk modification)and structural design strategy of TENG dielectric material.Surface and bulk modification mainly involve surface roughness control,surface functional group regulation,and optimization of dielectric parameters.In terms of dielectric structural design,the principle of charge transport,trapping,and blocking layers as well as typical techniques to improve the dielectric properties of TENGs through multi-layer structures are highlighted.Finally,challenges and directions for future research are discussed,which is conducive to the fabricating of high-performance TENG dielectric materials.

关 键 词：摩擦纳米发电机 电介质材料 微纳复合材料 电荷调控 

分 类 号：TM31[电气工程—电机] TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]