基于里德伯原子天线的低频电场波形测量  

Measurement of low-frequency electric field waveform by Rydberg atom-based sensor

作　　者：张学超[1,2] 乔佳慧 刘瑶 苏楠[1] 刘智慧[1] 蔡婷 何军 赵延霆[3,4] 王军民[1,4] Zhang Xue-Chao;Qiao Jia-Hui;Liu Yao;Su Nan;Liu Zhi-Hui;Cai Ting;He Jun;Zhao Yan-Ting;Wang Jun-Min(State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices,Institute of Opto-Electronics,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;College of Physics and electronic engineering,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices,Institute of Laser Spectroscopy,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics of the Education,Ministry and Shanxi Province,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学光电研究所,量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室,太原030006 [2]山西大学物理电子工程学院,太原030006 [3]山西大学激光光谱研究所,量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室,太原030006 [4]山西大学,省部共建极端光学协同创新中心,太原030006

出　　处：《物理学报》2024年第7期82-89,共8页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：省级大学生创新创业训练计划(批准号:S202210108027);国家电网公司科技项目(批准号:5700-202127198A-0-0-00)资助的课题。

摘　　要：里德伯原子的高极化率可以实现电磁场的多维度参数测量.本文利用室温里德伯原子构建原子天线,基于原子天线将低频电场幅度信息转化为强度信息,从而实现低频电场的参数测量.实验采用双光子激发制备铯原子里德伯态,通过阶梯型电磁感应透明(electromagnetically induced transparency,EIT)光谱实现里德伯原子量子态的检测,基于内置电极技术在室温原子气室导入k Hz频段低频电场.电场中里德伯原子的Stark频移会在EIT过程导致双光子失谐,从而引起EIT光谱频移和强度变化.在弱电场条件下,EIT光谱频移可以忽略,EIT透射强度与输入低频电场强度近似为线性关系,基于该效应可以实现低频电场的波形、幅度、频率等参数测量.The high polarizability of Rydberg atoms enables the multi-parameters measurement of electromagnetic fields.In this paper,we report on an atomic antenna based on Rydberg atoms in a room temperature vapor cell.The EIT is a destructive interference spectroscopy with a narrow linewidth and can be used to detect small electric fields through Autler-Townes splitting or Stark shifts.In our experiments,we employ cascade-type twophoton excitation electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)spectroscopy to measure the shift of the Rydberg energy level.We introduce a low-frequency electric field(~kHz frequency)using a built-in electrode technique in the cesium cell.The interaction between the Rydberg atom and electric field induces the Stark shifts,where the amplitude of the electric field is converted into corresponding two-photon detuning by the EIT effect.Furthermore,the amplitude of the low-frequency electric field is converted into an intensity signal of EIT probe beam.Under weak field conditions,it is an approximate linear relationship between EIT transmission signal and input electric field amplitude,enabling measurement of waveform,amplitude,and frequency.We have demonstrated optical measurements of low-frequency electric field using Rydberg atoms.By increasing the power of probe beam and coupling beam,the EIT can increase the response bandwidth from~MHz to hundreds of MHz.This provides a scalable approach for measuring high-frequency electric fields.

关 键 词：里德伯原子 电磁感应透明光谱 低频电场 波形 

分 类 号：TM937[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]