亚洲棉主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic Diversity Analysis of the Main Agronomic Traits in Asiatic Cotton

作　　者：苗鹏飞 李慧琴 马亚杰[1] 张霞 秦文强[1,2] MIAO Peng-fei;LI Hui-qin;MA Ya-jie(State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang,Henan 455000;National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan 572024;Shihezi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [2]三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院,海南三亚572000 [3]石河子农业科学研究院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第7期19-23,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：海南省科技计划三亚崖州湾科技城联合项目(320LH045)。

摘　　要：[目的]旨在通过对150份亚洲棉种质资源的7个农艺性状和5个纤维品质性状进行遗传多样性、相关性、主成分和聚类分析,以期为棉花遗传改良和种质利用提供一定的理论参考依据。[方法]选取150份亚洲棉种质资源,采用随机区组设计种植于试验田,在整个生育期内调查株高、第一果枝长度、果枝数、结铃数、第一果枝节位、单铃重、衣分、上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、断裂比强度、马克隆值、伸长率12个性状,进行变异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。[结果]该批棉花种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,12个农艺性状的变异系数从大到小依次为衣分(29.2%)、结铃数(23.0%)、第一果枝长度(22.6%)、单铃重(19.8%)、第一果枝节位(15.6%)、株高(15.5%)、果枝数(10.0%)、马克隆值(7.6%)、上半部平均长度(6.4%)、伸长率(5.7%)、断裂比强度(4.4%)和整齐度指数(2.3%);相关性分析表明,株高与第一果枝长度、果枝数、结铃数、第一果枝节位及单铃重呈显著正相关,第一果枝长度与结铃数、单铃重及衣分呈显著正相关,果枝数与结铃数呈显著正相关,单铃重与衣分呈显著正相关,衣分与伸长率呈显著正相关,上半部平均长度与断裂比强度呈显著负相关;主成分分析表明前5个主成分累计贡献率达到64.536%,第Ⅰ主成分主要和纤维品质有关,第Ⅱ主成分主要与结铃数有关,第Ⅲ和第Ⅳ主成分主要与果枝数有关,第Ⅴ主成分主要与第一果枝节位有关;通过聚类分析将150份亚洲棉种质资源在遗传距离为41.3时划分为4类,第Ⅰ类群和第Ⅳ类群的棉花材料可作为改良棉花衣分的材料加以利用,最具有代表性的材料分别为江苏常熟鸡脚棉和乐业逻西中棉1-3;第Ⅱ类群和第Ⅲ类群的棉花材料可作为株型改良的材料加以利用,最具有代表性的材料分别为河南商丘灰籽和山东惠民德平县一窝猴。[结论]该研[Objective]In order to provide references for genetic improvement and germplasm utilization in cotton,the variation,correlation,principal component and cluster of seven agronomic traits and five fiber quality traits were analyzed for 150 asiatic cotton germplasm resources.[Method]In this experiment,150 Asian cotton germplasm resources were selected and planted in the experimental field using a random block design.12 traits,including plant height,first branch length,fruit branch number per plant,boll number per plant,fruit branch position,boll weight,lint percentage,upper half mean length,regularity degree,fiber strength,micronaire value,elongation ratio were investigated during the whole growth period;the variation,correlation,principal component and cluster analysis were carried out.[Result]The data analysis showed that this collection represented an abundant genetic diversity.Twelve agronomic traits showed different levels of genetic variation(lint percentage,29.2%;boll number per plant,23.0%;first branch length,22.6%;boll weight,19.8%;first branch position,15.6%;plant height,15.5%;fruit branch number per plant,10.0%;micronaire value,7.6%;upper half mean length,6.4%;elongation ratio,5.7%;fiber strength,4.4%and regularity degree,2.3%).The plant height was positively correlated with first branch length,fruit branch number per plant,boll number per plant,first branch position and boll weight;the first branch length was positively correlated with boll number per plant,lint percentage and boll weight;the branch number per plant was positively correlated with boll number per plant;the boll weight was positively correlated with lint percentage;the lint percentage was positively correlated with elongation ratio;the upper half mean length was negatively correlated with fiber strength.The cumulative contribution of the top five principal factors reached 64.536%in the principal component analysis.The first principal factor was mainly related to fiber quality;the second was mainly related to boll number per plant;the third

关 键 词：亚洲棉 种质资源 农艺性状 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]