秸秆还田对土壤养分和烟草生长发育的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Nutrients and Tobacco Growth

作　　者：罗优 韩天华 蒋朝臣 和翌辉 张文先 和强 杨文奎 关芃 李佛琳[2] 贺彪 LUO You;HAN Tian-hua;JIANG Chao-chen(Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company Lijiang Company,Lijiang,Yunnan 674100)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司丽江市公司,云南丽江674100 [2]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第7期68-71,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省烟草科技计划项目(202053000024-1019)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究大麦、玉米秸秆还田对植烟土壤养分、常发性病害发生流行、烟草农艺性状、烟叶经济和化学性状的影响。[方法]采用田间随机区组试验,设置不还田+常规烟草复合肥(CK)、常规烟草复合肥+6000 kg/hm^(2)大麦秸秆还田(T_(1))、常规烟草复合肥+6000 kg/hm^(2)玉米秸秆还田(T_(2)),测定烟株移栽后土壤化学性质、农艺性状、烟叶产量产值和化学性状并调查病害发生情况。[结果]T_(2)处理后土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量较CK分别增加了10.31%、44.19%、26.09%和130.35%,T_(1)、T_(2)处理促进了烟草农艺性状;田间气候斑点病、普通花叶病的发病率和病情指数均表现为CK>T_(1)>T_(2),黑胫病发病率和病情指数表现为CK>T_(2)>T_(1);T_(1)、T_(2)处理提高了烟草产量、产值和上等烟比例;C3F烟叶化学成分协调性表现为T_(2)>T_(1)>CK。[结论]大麦、玉米秸秆还田可提高土壤肥力,促进烟草农艺性状和烟叶化学性状,降低病害发生流行,有利于优质清香型烤烟形成。[Objective]To study the effects of returning barley and corn straw to tobacco planting soil,the prevalence of common diseases,the agronomic traits of tobacco,and the economic and chemical properties of tobacco.[Method]Field randomized block experiment was adopted,setting no field return+conventional application of tobacco compound fertilizer(CK),conventional tobacco compound fertilizer+6000 kg/hm^(2)barley straw return to field(T_(1)),conventional application of tobacco compound fertilizer+6000 kg/hm^(2)corn straw return to the field(T_(2)),the soil chemical properties,agronomic properties,tobacco leaf yield and chemical properties after transplanting the tobacco plants were measured,and the occurrence of diseases were investigated.[Result]After T_(2)treatment,the soil pH,organic matter,alkaline nitrogen and available potassium content increased by 10.31%,44.19%,26.09%and 130.35%respectively compared with CK.T_(1)and T_(2)treatments promoted the agronomic traits of tobacco.The incidence and disease index of common mosaic disease and common mosaic disease were CK>T_(1)>T_(2),and the incidence and disease index of black shank disease were CK>T_(2)>T_(1);T_(1)and T_(2)treatments increased tobacco yield,output value and the proportion of top-quality tobacco;the coordination of chemical components in C3F tobacco leaves was T_(2)>T_(1)>CK.[Conclusion]Returning barley and corn stalks to the field can improve soil fertility,improve the agronomic and chemical properties of tobacco leaves,reduce the prevalence of diseases,and is conducive to the formation of high-quality,light-flavor flue-cured tobacco.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 土壤养分 农艺性状 烟草 生长发育 病害 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]