有机氮替代化肥氮对设施菠菜品质·土壤肥力及根际细菌群落的影响  

Effects of Substituting Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer Nitrogen on Quality of Greenhouse Spinach,Soil Fertility and Rhizosphere Microbial Community

作　　者：谢瑞斌 李婷婷 刘平 XIE Rui-bin;LI Ting-ting;LIU Ping(Hai’an City Farmland Quality Protection Station,Jiangsu Province,Nantong,Jiangsu 226602;Jiangsu Yangzhou Agricultural Environmental Safety Technology Service Center,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225127;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225127)

机构地区：[1]江苏省海安市耕地质量保护站,江苏南通226602 [2]江苏扬州农业环境安全技术服务中心,江苏扬州225127 [3]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第7期152-157,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家绿色种养循环农业试点县项目。

摘　　要：为明确有机肥替代化肥对菠菜生长的影响,以等氮量替代为原则,设置配方施肥和有机肥等氮替代不同比例化肥处理,通过大田试验研究有机氮肥替代化肥氮对设施菠菜产量、品质、土壤肥力和根际细菌群落的影响。结果表明,有机肥替代20%最有利于提升菠菜的产量和品质,鲜干重、维生素C和可溶性糖含量均显著高于配方施肥处理。有机肥替代可显著增加土壤的pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,显著降低土壤的容重。有机氮肥替代比例为20%~80%时,土壤碱解氮含量均显著低于配方施肥处理。施用有机肥可显著增加土壤细菌的α多样性,降低其β多样性。菠菜有机酸含量和土壤碱解氮含量对β多样性贡献率最高,分别为12.80%和-4.71%。施用有机肥可提高好氧菌群、耐胁迫菌群等有益菌群的相对丰度,但也会增加潜在致病菌群的相对丰度。综上,有机氮肥部分替代化学氮肥可改善菠菜品质,提升土壤肥力和抗性。Effects of substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic nitrogen fertilizer on greenhouse spinach yield,quality,soil fertility and rhizosphere bacterial community were studied.The experiment adopted an equal nitrogen design with six treatments,i.e.,0(CF),20%(OM20),40%(OM40),60%(OM60),80%(OM80),and 100%(OM100)of chemical nitrogen being replaced respectively.The results showed that 20%of chemical nitrogen replacement with organic fertilizer was most conducive to improving the yield and quality of spinach,with fresh and dry weight,vitamin C,and soluble sugar significantly higher than that of CF.In all treatments,adding organic fertilizer could significantly increase the soil pH,organic matter,nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content,and significantly reduce the bulk density.When the proportion of organic nitrogen fertilizers was 20%-80%,the content of alkaline nitrogen was significantly lower than CF.Applying organic fertilizer could significantly increase theαdiversity of soil bacteria and reduceβdiversity.Spinach organic acid content and soil alkaline nitrogen content significantly contributed toβdiversity,which was 12.80%and-4.71%respectively.Application of organic fertilizer can improve the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as aerobic and stress tolerant,but it might also increase the relative abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria.In summary,the replacement of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic nitrogen fertilizers can improve the quality of spinach and improve soil fertility and resistance.

关 键 词：有机肥 菠菜 等氮替代 土壤肥力 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]