从使用价值到语境价值——重新理解数字时代的新闻价值  

From Use Value to Context Value:Rethinking News Value in the Digital Age

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作  者:虞鑫[1] 苗培壮 张铭雨 Xin Yu;Peizhuang Miao;Mingyu Zhang(School of Journalism and Communication,Tsinghua University;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区:[1]清华大学新闻与传播学院 [2]北京师范大学教育学部

出  处:《全球传媒学刊》2024年第1期135-147,共13页Global Journal of Media Studies

基  金:教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助项目“新闻理论基础概念再研究”(项目批准号:23JHQ083)阶段性研究成果。

摘  要:本研究从历史考察和哲学思辨出发,指明使用价值是新闻价值在特定历史时期、特定物质生产条件中的表现,其透射出的本质是新闻在社会关系和实践活动中的语境价值。互联网等信息技术构建了崭新的新闻传播生态,原有的片面强调时效性、显著性等使用价值的理念不当然适应数字生态,新闻的何种价值能够在新传播环境下引领行业实践、凝结社会共识成为关键问题。本研究对马克思“劳动二重性”进行理论考察,进而提出新闻的语境价值这一概念予以回应:语境囊括了整体的政治、经济、文化性质和个体的身份、地位、背景等要素;语境价值既体现出新闻抽象自一定的社会历史环境,也显示出新闻对其所处的环境具有反作用。相较使用价值,新闻的语境价值在哲学意义上更具合理性。其在理论层面连接重要社会主体与社会议题,具有广阔的研究空间,在实践层面能够回应新闻价值理论的现实困境。Starting from historical investigation and philosophical speculation,the study points out that use value is the manifestation of news value in specific historical periods and under specific material production conditions.Its essence is the context value of news in social relationships and practical activities.The advent of the Internet and other information technologies has constructed a new ecology of communication.The previous concept that emphasizes use value,such as timeliness and significance,is not suitable for the digital ecosystem.The key question becomes which aspect of news value can lead practices and build consensus in the new communication environment.Drawing on Marx's Two-fold Charactor of Labour,the study proposes a response by introducing the concept of context value.Context encompasses political,economic,and cultural characteristics,as well as individual factors such as identity,status,and background.Context value not only reflects that news abstracts from a certain social-historical environment but also demonstrates that news has a reactive influence on its surroundings.In comparison to use value,the contextual value of news is more rational in a philosophical sense.Theoretically,it connects significant subjects with social issues,providing extensive research space.Practically,it can address the challenges of news value theory.

关 键 词:新闻价值 语境价值 使用价值 新闻理论 数字新闻学 

分 类 号:G210.7[文化科学—新闻学]

 

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