北京市海淀区突发地质灾害时空分布规律、成因分析及防治对策  

Spatial and temporal distribution,cause analysis and prevention measures of sudden geological disasters in Haidian District,Beijing

作　　者：白江伟 冯辉 贺瑾瑞 蒋永光 王宇辰 顾海波 罗伊 王天宇 贾唯远 BAI Jiangwei;FENG Hui;HE Jinrui;JIANG Yongguang;WANG Yuchen;GU Haibo;LUO Yi;WANG Tianyu;JIA Weiyuan(Beijing Institute of Ecological Geology,Beijing 100011,China;Beijing Institute of Geological Disaster Prevention,Beijing 100011,China;Haidian Branch of Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning and Natural Resources,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态地质研究所,北京100120 [2]北京市地质灾害防治研究所,北京100120 [3]北京市规划和自然资源委员会海淀分局,北京100097

出　　处：《城市地质》2024年第1期43-52,共10页Urban Geology

摘　　要：海淀区是为数不多的经济发达、人口众多且发育地质灾害的城市中心区。海淀区西北部山区地质条件复杂,发育地质灾害隐患点37处,灾害类型为崩塌(19处)、泥石流(9处)、不稳定斜坡(8处)、地面塌陷(1处)。故在野外调查分析的基础上,将海淀区地质灾害划分为3个风险区:分别为香山风险区、凤凰岭—阳台山风险区与普安店风险区,并分析总结了海淀区地质灾害隐患点的空间分布、灾害类型、规模、成因、威胁对象、工程治理状况、人类工程活动、发展趋势等。得出以下结论:1)海淀区70%的隐患点成因为人类工程活动。2)68%的隐患点已完成工程治理,未治理的隐患点大部分集中分布于森林防火道路沿线,少部分威胁对象已搬迁避让。3)不同的地层岩性发育不同类型的地质灾害,山区基岩出露区域主要发育岩质崩塌;山前冲洪积物堆积区域主要发育泥石流、不稳定斜坡及土质崩塌。Haidian District is one of the few urban centers with advanced economic development,a large population but many geological hazards.The geological conditions in the northwestern mountainous area of Haidian District are complex with 37 kinds of geological hazards developed,including collapse(19),debris flow(9),unstable slope(8)and ground collapse(1).On the basis of field investigation and analysis,in this paper the geological hazards in Haidian District are divided into three risk areas:Xiangshan risk area,Fenghuangling-Yangtaishan risk area and Puandian risk area,and the spatial distribution,disaster type,scale,causes,threat objects,project management status,human engineering activities and development trend of geological hazards are analyzed and summarized.The following conclusions are drawn:1)70%of the hidden dangers in Haidian District are caused by human en-gineering activities.2)Engineering control of 68%of the hidden danger points have been completed;most of the hidden danger points that have not been controlled are concentrated along the forest fire prevention road,and a small number of threat targets have been relocated.3)Different types of geological disasters are developed in different strata lithology,and rock collapse is mainly developed in the area of bedrock exposure in mountainous areas.In the area of foremountain alluvium accumulation,mainly debris flow,unstable slope and soil collapse are developed.

关 键 词：海淀区 突发地质灾害 地质灾害成因 切坡建房 时空分布 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]