敦煌郡在西汉经营西域中的战略定位——以敦煌简牍文献为中心  

The Strategic Orientation of Dunhuang County in the Management of the Western Regions by the Western Han Dynasty:Centered on the Bamboo Slips Unearthed in Dunhuang

作　　者：郑炳林[1] 司豪强 Zheng Binglin;Si Haoqiang

机构地区：[1]兰州大学敦煌学研究所

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第4期5-16,共12页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“敦煌河西碑铭与河西史研究”(21VJXT002);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“出土简牍与西汉河西移民群体专题研究”(2023lzujbkyxs007)。

摘　　要：西汉政府设置敦煌郡,与其经营西域及打击匈奴的战略关系密切。西汉设置敦煌郡主要是为了经营西域与隔绝羌胡通道,以此实现压缩匈奴生存空间的战略目的。敦煌郡设置后,在西汉经营西域的过程中至少发挥着三种作用,即:物资存储与转运、驻军及将卒中转、迎送接待往来使者。敦煌郡仓库设施与水陆交通设施的建设,为物资的存储与转运奠定了坚实的基础,物资的存储与转运又成为敦煌郡供给驻军、迎送接待等工作顺利展开的前提,而这些都巩固了西汉在西域的统治。作为汉朝西陲重要战略基地的敦煌郡,在西汉政府经略西域过程中发挥着极为关键的作用。敦煌出土汉简,尤其是悬泉汉简的记载,进一步印证了这一点。The establishment of Dunhuang county in the Western Han Dynasty was closely related to the imperial government's strategy of managing the Western Regions and combating the Xiongnu.The establishment of Dunhuang county in the Western Han Dynasty mainly aimed to better manage the Western Regions and isolate the Xiongnu passage,so as to achieve the strategic goal of compressing the living space of Xiongnu.After its establishment,the Dunhuang county played at least three roles in Western Han's management of the Western Regions,namely,material storage and transportation,transfer station of troops,generals and soldiers,greeting escorts and receiving messengers.The construction of warehouse facilities and land and water transportation in Dunhuang county laid a solid foundation for the Western Han government to store and transfer materials in the Western Regions,and the storage and transfer of materials in turn became the premise for the smooth conduction of Dunhuang county's work of supplying troops,welcoming and receiving soldiers and generals and envoys.All these activities had consolidated the rule of the Western Han Dynasty in the Western Regions.This confirms that Dunhuang county,as an important strategic base on the western border of the Han dynasty,played a crucial role in Western Han government's management of the Western Regions.The records of the Han bamboo slips unearthed in Dunhuang,especially the Han bamboo slips unearthed in Xuanquan,are of great significance to further verify this argument.

关 键 词：敦煌郡 西汉 西域 悬泉汉简 匈奴 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]