民国北京政府“导淮委员会”创设中的“权”“利”之争  

The Power and Profit Struggle in the Establishment of the Committee for the Dredging of the Huai River by the Beijing Government in Republican China

作　　者：李发根 Li Fagen

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第4期59-71,共13页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：山东大学人文社会科学创新团队建设项目“中华文明传承、转型与新形态建构”。

摘　　要：1922年,上海华洋义赈会拟组设导淮委员会,并请苏、皖、豫军民长官联衔呈咨北京政府准予立案。后由江苏督军齐燮元主导,密电北京政府俯允。北京政府有关部门基于主权、经费等问题进行批驳。半年后,齐燮元复以该案连续致电北京政府,言辞激烈,且将焦点转向“导淮督办”一职。虽然北京政府坚持前议,并有沿淮省份多种力量进行抗争,但受时局、齐燮元权势上升等左右,妥协很快达成:由北京政府设导淮委员会,齐燮元兼任督办。其实,因应派系、地盘之争,齐的真实诉求乃为增辟财源,特别是听闻美国退还巨额庚款予以导淮。然而,庚款的用途主要取决于美国自身利益与认知,并未囿于所谓美国“支持”直系军阀。齐燮元在谋求无果后,直到1925年年初下野,未见其有任何实质性的治淮举措。这一事件,在相当程度上折射出北京政府后期的政治生态。In 1922,the Shanghai International Famine Relief Commission proposed to set up a committee for the dredging of the Huai River.It requested the military and civilian officials in Jiangsu,Anhui,and Henan provinces to submit the proposal to the central government for approval.Later on,Qi Xieyuan,the military governor of Jiangsu province,secretly sent a telegram to the Beijing government for ratification.The relevant departments of the central government refuted his proposal on the grounds of sovereignty and funds,so the proposal was temporarily suspended.Half a year later,Qi sent continuous telegrams to the central government regarding this issue,his words were fierce,and his focus turned to recommending himself as the supervisor of the committee for the dredging of the Huai River.Although the central government insisted on its previous resolution and there were various opposition forces from provinces along the Huai River,a compromise was quickly reached due to the influence of Qi's power and other factors:the central government would set up the Committee for the Dredging of the Huai River,and Qi served concurrently as its supervisor.According to historical materials,Qi's real demand was to create more sources of revenue in response to factional and territorial disputes.However,Qi failed to obtain funds,and he did not take any substantive measures to dredge the Huai River until he was forced to relinquish power in early 1925.This incident to some degree reflects the political ecology in the late period of Beijing government.

关 键 词：全国水利总局 上海华洋义赈会 导淮委员会 庚子赔款 齐燮元 

分 类 号：K261[历史地理—历史学]