水利政治:民生渠工程纠纷中的国民政府与晋绥地方政权  

Politics of Water Conservancy:The National Government and the Local Government of Jin-Sui in the Dispute of the Saratsi Irrigation Project

作　　者：沈淼 Shen Miao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所,北京100872

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第4期72-85,共14页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：中国人民大学研究生科学研究基金项目“民国时期的‘西技东渐’:中西治河技术的选择及舆论转变”(22XNH107)。

摘　　要：民生渠是1928年西北旱灾期间晋绥实力派在华洋义赈会的帮助下修建的水利工程,也是近代绥远规模最大的工程,其政策定位与投入力度,随着南京国民政府国家政权建设的逐步加强而产生变化。北伐后,在西北旱灾的背景下,晋绥实力派借与华洋义赈会合作之机,实施建设救灾,国民政府尚无力插手义赈团体对地方势力的资源投入。中原大战胜利后,国民政府统一全国建设与水利事业,在民生渠工程如何发挥效用的问题上引发争论。国民政府公开宣布民生渠失败,实际借由此事打压晋绥实力派,同时成功将华洋义赈会排挤出大型公共建设领域。但中央政府对西北社会的建设思路并不能适用,又限于时局与政局的桎梏,无法填补地方治理与政权建设的真空。从民生渠工程及其纠纷的案例,可以一窥国民政府以国家行政权力作用于地方政治结构与社会组织资源的基本面貌与成效。In 1928,when a drought occurred in northwest China,the provincial government of Suiyuan launched the Saratsi Irrigation Project with the help of the Central China Famine Relief Fund Committee(CCFRFC),which was also the largest water conservancy project in modern Suiyuan.Its policy orientation and investment intensity had changed with the gradual strengthening of the national power construction of the Nanjing National Government.After the Northern Expedition,confronted with droughts in the northwest,the powerful Shanxi-Suiyuan faction cooperated with the CCFRFC to alleviate the disaster by launching the Saratsi Irrigation Project,while the National Government was still unable to intervene with the resource investment of the disaster relief organizations in local forces.After the victory of the Central Plains War,the National Government started to manage the national constructions and water conservancy projects uniformly.At this time,how to use the Saratsi Irrigation Project effectively sparked a debate.The government publicly declared that this project had ended in failure.Its real intention was to suppress the powerful Shansi-Suiyuan faction,and prevent the CCFRFC from interfering with large public construction projects.However,the central government's construction ideas were not applicable to northwest China due to the limitation of current political situation.It couldnot fill the vacuum of local governance and regime construction.Taking the Saratsi Irrigation Project and the dispute surrounding it as an example,we can see the basic appearance of the National Government's impact on local political structures and resources of social organization through the exercise of state administrative power.

关 键 词：南京国民政府 绥远 民生渠工程 华洋义赈会 国家政权建设 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]