From the floret to the canopy:High temperature tolerance during flowering  

作　　者：Mayang Liu Yuhan Zhou Jiaxin Sun Fen Mao Qian Yao Baole Li Yuanyuan Wang Yingbo Gao Xin Dong Shuhua Liao Pu Wang Shoubing Huang 

机构地区：[1]College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing,China [2]College of Agronomy,South China Agricultural University,Guangdong,China [3]Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan,China [4]Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing,China

出　　处：《Plant Communications》2023年第6期22-41,共20页植物通讯（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Science Foundation of China(32272214);the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University,and the General Project of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0747).

摘　　要：Heat waves induced by climate warming have become common in food-producing regions worldwide,frequently coinciding with high temperature(HT)-sensitive stages of many crops and thus threatening global food security.Understanding the HT sensitivity of reproductive organs is currently of great interest for increasing seed set.The responses of seed set to HT involve multiple processes in both male and female reproductive organs,but we currently lack an integrated and systematic summary of these responses for the world’s three leading food crops(rice,wheat,and maize).In the present work,we define the critical high temperature thresholds for seed set in rice(37.2℃±0.2℃),wheat(27.3℃±0.5℃),and maize(37.9℃±0.4℃)during flowering.We assess the HT sensitivity of these three cereals from the microspore stage to the lag period,including effects of HT on flowering dynamics,floret growth and development,pollination,and fertilization.Our review synthesizes existing knowledge about the effects of HT stress on spikelet opening,anther dehiscence,pollen shedding number,pollen viability,pistil and stigma function,pollen germination on the stigma,and pollen tube elongation.HT-induced spikelet closure and arrest of pollen tube elongation have a catastrophic effect on pollination and fertilization in maize.Rice benefits from pollination under HT stress owing to bottom anther dehiscence and cleistogamy.Cleistogamy and secondary spikelet opening increase the probability of pollination success in wheat under HT stress.However,cereal crops themselves also have protective measures under HT stress.Lower canopy/tissue temperatures compared with air temperatures indicate that cereal crops,especially rice,can partly protect themselves from heat damage.In maize,husk leaves reduce inner ear temperature by about 5℃compared with outer ear temperature,thereby protecting the later phases of pollen tube growth and fertilization processes.These findings have important implications for accurate modeling,optimized crop management,and bre

关 键 词：high temperature seed set floret organs flowering pattern POLLINATION 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]