大学生完美主义与考试焦虑的关系及反刍思维的中介作用  

The relationship between college students′perfectionism and test anxiety and the mediating role of rumination

作　　者：姚昕慧 刘盛鑫 YAO Xinhui;LIU Shengxin(School of Management,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China)

机构地区：[1]天津中医药大学管理学院,天津301617

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第3期307-313,共7页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的探究大学生完美主义与反刍思维、考试焦虑的关系以及反刍思维的中介作用。方法于2022年8至9月,采用方便抽样的方式,使用中文版Frost多维完美主义量表(CFMPS)、反刍思维量表(RRS)和考试焦虑量表(TAS)在校大学生进行问卷调查。运用SPSS 25.0对数据进行独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析与中介效应分析等。结果本次研究的584名大学生反刍思维得分为(44.46±11.98)分,考试焦虑得分为(18.57±8.72)分,消极完美主义得分为(60.29±15.12)分,积极完美主义得分为(21.34±5.30)分。积极完美主义与反刍思维、考试焦虑呈负相关(r分别为-0.120、-0.126,P值均小于0.001);消极完美主义与反刍思维、考试焦虑呈正相关(r分别为0.416、0.317,P值均小于0.01)。反刍思维对消极完美主义和考试焦虑起部分中介作用,相对效应值为61.00%,对积极完美主义和考试焦虑起完全中介作用,相对效应值为47.98%。结论完美主义与反刍思维是影响考试焦虑的重要因素。消极完美主义既能够直接提升考试焦虑水平,又能够通过反刍思维间接提高考试焦虑水平。积极完美主义者能够调整反刍思维,降低个体的考试焦虑水平。Objective To explore the relationship between perfectionism,rumination and test anxiety of college students and the mediating role of rumination.Methods From August 2022 to September 2022,a convenient sampling questionnaire survey was conducted among college students by using the Chinese version of Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(CFMPS),Ruminative Thinking Scale(RRS)and Test Anxiety Scale(TAS).SPSS 25.0 was used for independent sample t test,single factor analysis of variance,Pearson correlation analysis and mediating effect analysis.Results The rumination score of 584 college students in this study was(44.46±11.98),the test anxiety score was(18.57±8.72),the negative perfectionism score was(60.29±15.12),and the positive perfectionism score was(21.34±5.30).Positive perfectionism was negatively correlated with rumination and test anxiety(r=-0.120,-0.126,all P<0.01).Negative perfectionism was positively correlated with rumination and test anxiety(r=0.416,0.317,all P<0.01).Rumination partially mediated negative perfectionism and test anxiety,with a relative effect value of 61.00%,and fully mediated positive perfectionism and test anxiety,with a relative effect value of 47.98%.Conclusions Perfectionism and rumination are important factors affecting test anxiety.Negative perfectionism can not only directly improve the level of test anxiety,but also indirectly improve the level of test anxiety through rumination.Positive perfectionists can adjust rumination and reduce the level of individual test anxiety.

关 键 词：完美主义 反刍思维 考试焦虑 中介效应 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]