全龄化视角下日本“一老一小”基本公共服务运行机制及对中国启示  

Japan's Basic Public Service Operation Mechanism of“Elderly and Children”from the Perspective of All-ageing and Its Implications for China

作　　者：王玥[1] 孟宪泽 WANG Yue;MENG Xianze

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学公共管理学院,沈阳110136

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期120-130,共11页Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目:低生育率背景下构建职业女性“生育友好型”就业支持体系研究(20BR K001);辽宁省社科规划基金重大委托项目:以辽宁人口高质量发展提升居民生活品质的理论内涵、指标构建和实践路径研究(L23ZD050);辽宁省社科规划基金项目:辽宁省民办医养结合服务业可持续发展研究(L16CGL011)结题成果。

摘　　要：老幼群体作为生命周期的两端,其基本公共服务建设是全生命周期和谐发展的关键。自20世纪80年代以来,日本受到家庭结构趋向小型化、人口结构少子高龄化的影响,家庭及社区内部支持力不足。作为有效应对少子高龄化趋势的创新机制,“一老一小”基本公共服务在日本受到高度重视且发展日趋完善。研究表明,日本政府从法律、资金、人才三个方面持续改善“一老一小”基本公共服务融合体系,通过整合老幼基本公共服务政策、盘活地域资源等方式,建立面向老人和儿童的集居住、医疗、护理、护理预防和生活支援五大要素为一体的地域共生社会。针对中国“一老一小”基本公共服务发展现状,文章提出从生命周期的全龄化视角出发,设计代际融合的跨部门公共服务供给结构,多元主体协同参与增加老幼融合公共服务供给主体,合理运用地域资源,科学布局社区老幼共生空间,积极打造全龄代际友好社会。The construction of basic public services for the elderly and young groups,as the two ends of the life cycle,is key to the harmonious development of the whole life cycle.Since the 1980s,Japan has been experiencing a decline in support within families and communities due to the effects of smaller family structures and ageing population with fewer children.As an innovative mechanism to effectively respond to the problem of ageing population with fewer children,the development of basic public services for the“Elderly and Children”has been given high priority and has been well developed in Japan.Research shows that the Japanese government has been improving the“Elderly and Children”basic public service integration system in terms of laws,funds and human resources,and has been building up a five-factor system of housing,medical care,nursing care,nursing care prevention and life support for the elderly and children by integrating basic public service policies for the elderly and children and revitalising regional resources for a coexistence society.Based on the current situation of the development of basic public services for the“Elderly and Children”in China,the inter-generational integration of public services is designed from the perspective of the all-age perspective of the life cycle,and public services for the integration of the elderly and children are standardised through the participation of multiple actors,with the rational use of regional resources and the scientific layout of community spaces for the integration of the elderly and children to create an all-age inter-generational friendly society.

关 键 词：全龄化 “一老一小” 基本公共服务 少子高龄化 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]