降速剂及其作用位点对丁羟四组元推进剂燃烧性能的影响规律  

Effect of Burning Rate Inhibitors and Their Location on the Combustion Performance of Four-component HTPB Propellants

作　　者：许睿轩 张皓瑞 薛智华 史良伟[2] 吕龙[2] 严启龙 XU Rui-xuan;ZHANG Hao-rui;XUE Zhi-hua;SHI Liang-wei;LüLong;YAN Qi-long(National Key Laboratory of Solid Rocket Propulsion,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi′an 710072,China;Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Science,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学固体推进全国重点实验室,陕西西安710072 [2]中国科学院上海有机化学研究所,上海200032

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第3期229-236,I0004,共9页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：陕西省重点产业链项目(No.2021ZDLGY11-09);西北工业大学博士论文创新基金项目(No.CX2022022)。

摘　　要：为研究降速剂对丁羟四组元推进剂燃烧性能的影响规律,将典型季铵盐和金刚烷衍生物两种高效降速剂引入核壳结构铝基复合颗粒Al@HMX和AP@Al,使其分别作用于HMX颗粒内部和AP颗粒表面,制备了4种含降速剂的铝基复合颗粒(Al/A@HMX,Al/B@HMX,AP@Al/A和AP@Al/B);采用扫描电子显微镜对样品形貌进行了表征;采用高速红外相机拍摄推进剂燃烧过程的火焰红外照片,并对推进剂的爆热、密度、点火延迟时间和燃速进行了测试。结果表明,加入惰性降速剂会导致推进剂爆热降低,而Al@HMX复合颗粒能部分抵消这一现象,使推进剂爆热值增加了338 J/g;降速剂能够抑制AP和HMX的热分解过程,使达到AlO辐射峰值前维持低强度的“平台段”;而引入Al@HMX后,推进剂的点火延迟时间比基础配方减小49.4%;在10~20 MPa范围内两种降速剂均能有效降低推进剂燃速,在此基础上采用Al@HMX可使含季铵盐丁羟四组元推进剂20 MPa下的燃速降低7.1 mm/s(38.4%),压强指数降至0.25;当降速剂作用于AP表面时,含质量分数1%季铵盐的推进剂在20 MPa下燃速可降低5.0 mm/s(27.3%)。To study the influence of burning rate inhibitors on the combustion performance of four-component HTPB propellants,two typical burning rate inhibitors(quaternary ammonium salt and adamantane derivative)were introduced into the aluminum based composite particles with core-shell structure Al@HMX and AP@Al,and the site of action of inhibitors was set to be inside HMX particles or on the surface of AP to prepare two types of Al-based core-shell composites(Al/A@HMX,Al/B@HMX,AP@Al/A and AP@Al/B).Results show that the heat of explosion of solid propellants can be reduced by these burning rate inhibitors,whereas the propellants containing Al@HMX in the presence of quaternary ammonium salt could be increased by 338 J/g.Thermal decomposition process of HMX and AP can be inhibited,exhibiting a“platform”with a low-intensity before the AlO irradiation peak.The inclusion of Al@HMX can reduce the ignition delay time of corresponding propellants by 49.4%.The two kinds of burning rate inhibitors can significantly reduce the burning rates of propellants over the pressure range of 10—20 MPa.A burning rate reduction of 7.1 mm/s(38.4%)and a decreasing pressure exponent of 0.25 were obtained for propellant containing Al@HMX composites and quaternary ammonium salt.The propellant burning rate can be decreased by 5.0 mm/s(27.3%)under 20 MPa when 1%of quaternary ammonium salt was sited on the surface of AP.

关 键 词：物理化学 固体推进剂 降速剂 铝基复合燃料 点火延迟 燃烧性能 丁羟四组元推进剂 声共振 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]