铝基核壳材料AP/Al的制备及性能研究  

Preparation and Properties of Aluminum Based Core-Shell Material AP/Al

作　　者：晏嘉伟 屈炜宸 杜芳 李磊[1,2] 孙新零 林励云[1,2] 李毅恒 汪慧思 陶博文 YAN Jia-wei;QU Wei-chen;DU Fang;LI Lei;SUN Xin-ling;LIN Li-yun;LI Yi-heng;WANG Hui-si;TAO Bo-wen(National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Chemical Power,Xiangyang Hubei 441003,China;Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology,Xiangyang Hubei 441003,China)

机构地区：[1]航天化学能源全国重点实验室,湖北襄阳441003 [2]湖北航天化学技术研究所,湖北襄阳441003

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2024年第3期271-278,I0006,共9页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22175059)。

摘　　要：以AP和铝粉为原料,采用“AP预处理+表面沉积”两步法工艺制备了以铝粉为“壳”的铝基核壳材料AP/Al;采用SEM-EDS、粒度分析、密度测试等方法表征了AP/Al的表面形貌、元素分布、粒度分布和密度等物理特性,对比测试了铝基核壳材料AP/Al的感度性能、热分解性能、爆热及残渣活性铝含量并与AP/Al物理混合物进行了对比;运用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方程计算了AP/Al物理混合物及铝基核壳材料AP/Al的分解活化能,并通过高速摄像机记录了铝基核壳材料AP/Al的燃烧特性。结果表明,铝基核壳材料AP/Al是以AP为“核芯”、铝粉为“壳”,密度为2.0485 g/cm^(3)的类球形颗粒;相比于物理混合物,铝基核壳材料AP/Al静电火光感度由27.94 mJ提高至102.88 mJ,AP低温分解和高温分解活化能分别提升10.9和9.0 kJ/mol,爆热值未出现明显降低(物理混合物为9298.4 J/g,铝基核壳材料AP/Al为9260.6 J/g),但铝基核壳材料AP/Al残渣中活性铝质量分数降低90%以上;有别于传统铝粉燃烧的拖拽火焰,铝基核壳材料AP/Al燃烧时,铝液滴溅射大量细颗粒铝珠,且燃烧火焰更加均匀、明亮。The core-shell material AP/Al were prepared by two-step process of“AP pretreatment and surface deposition”using ammonium perchlorate and aluminum powders as raw materials.The physical properties of surface morphology,element distribution,particle size distribution,and density of core-shell material AP/Al were characterized by SEM-EDS,particle size analysis and density test.The sensitivity characteristics,thermal decomposition performance,heat of explosion and active aluminum content in the residue of core-shell energetic material AP/Al composite were measured and compared to those of Al/AP physical mixture,the decomposition activation energies of AP/Al physical mixture and core-shell material AP/Al were calculated by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa equation,and the combustion characteristics of core-shell material AP/Al were recorded by high speed video camera.The results show that core-shell material AP/Al composites are spherical-like particles with AP as core and aluminum powder as shell,its density is 2.0485 g/cm^(3).Compared to the AP/Al physical mixture,the electrostatic spark sensitivity of core-shell material AP/Al increases from 27.94 mJ to 102.88 mJ,and the activation energy of AP decomposition peak at low and high temperature increase by 10.9 kJ/mol and 9.0 kJ/mol,respectively.There is little difference between the heat of explosion of AP/Al physical mixture(9298.4 J/g)and core-shell material AP/Al(9260.6 J/g).However,the content of active aluminum in the AP/Al residue is reduced by more than 90%compared to Al/AP physical mixture.Rather than the droplet drag flame produced by the combustion of aluminum powder in the AP decomposition atmosphere,the aluminum droplets sputter a lot of fine aluminum beads,and the combustion flame is more uniform and bright when the core-shell material AP/Al are burned.

关 键 词：含能材料 核壳材料 AP/Al 微纳复合材料 燃烧性能 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]