订单农业供应链的区块链溯源技术引入策略研究  

Blockchain traceability technology introduction strategy in the contract-farming supply chain

作　　者：王俊斌 张立冬[1] WANG Junbin;ZHANG Lidong(Institute of Finance and Trade,Jiangsu Academy of Social Sciences,Nanjing 210004,China;Business School,Changshu Institute of Technology,Suzhou 215500,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省社会科学院财贸研究所,南京210004 [2]常熟理工学院商学院,苏州215500

出　　处：《系统工程理论与实践》2024年第2期612-624,共13页Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(21BJY242)。

摘　　要：区块链技术赋能乡村产业发展对我国推进乡村振兴具有重要意义,本研究考虑了消费者对“上链”农产品的偏好行为,构建由农户、公司、消费者组成的订单农业供应链系统模型,探究了区块链溯源技术引入的最优策略.通过模型分析,对比了不同区块链技术引入模式下农户或公司的区块链节点投入、种植面积、收购价格最优决策,及其对公司利润、消费者剩余和社会福利的影响.研究发现:首先,当区块链投资的成本效应相对较小时,只有公司(或供应链下游)引入区块链;当区块链投资的成本效应相对较大时,则农户和公司(或全链条)同时采用区块链.其次,在订单农业供应链中公司比农户更有意愿引入区块链,农户存在“搭便车”的动机,进而在特定条件下不引入区块链.最后,均衡状态下的区块链引入策略均是帕累托有效的;但是,在仅有公司(或供应链下游)引入区块链成为均衡策略时,消费者总剩余和社会福利存在一定的损失;此时,公司或政府可以考虑补贴农户以避免这些损失.The development of rural industry enabled by blockchain technology is of great significance to the promotion of rural revitalization.Based on the consumer preference for“blockchain-tracked”agricultural products,this study established a game-theoretical model of a typical contract-farming supply chain composed of a farmer,a firm,and consumers,and inves-tigates the optimal strategy of blockchain traceability technology introduction.Through model analysis,this study compares the optimal decisions of blockchain node investment,planting area,and price under different blockchain introduction modes,as well as their impacts on the firm’s profit,consumer surplus,and social welfare.The results show that,first,when the cost effect of blockchain investment is relatively small,only the firm(or downstream of the supply chain)introduces blockchain.When the cost effect of blockchain investment is relatively large,both farmer and firm(or the whole supply chain)will introduce blockchain.Second,the firm is more willing to introduce blockchain than the farmer,and the farmer has the incentive to“free-ride”and not introduce blockchain under certain conditions.Last,in equilibrium,the introduction strategy of blockchain is Pareto effective.However,when only the firm(or the downstream of the supply chain)introduces blockchain as an equilibrium strategy,the total consumer surplus and social welfare will suffer a certain loss.At this point,the firm or government can consider subsidizing farmers to avoid such losses.

关 键 词：区块链 订单农业供应链 农业数字化 社会福利 分析模型 

分 类 号：F224.3[经济管理—国民经济]