氮添加调控陆地昆虫食物网的级联效应  

Nitrogen addition regulates cascade effects of food webs on grassland insects

作　　者：刘婧茜 张蓉[2] 朱猛蒙[2] 赵紫华 Liu Jingxi;Zhang Rong;Zhu Mengmeng;Zhao Zihua(Department of Plant Biosecurity,College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物保护学院植物生物安全系,北京100193 [2]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,银川750021

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2024年第1期12-19,共8页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1400505);农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题(NGSB-2021-14-05)。

摘　　要：20世纪人类活动加剧全球氮沉降,而氮沉降已经导致全球生态系统功能退化和生物多样性丧失。该文综述大气氮沉降通过改变土壤微生物和植被组成影响昆虫种群及群落功能,重点论述外来物种和土著物种对氮添加的响应。外源氮添加主要通过食物网上行效应对昆虫产生级联效应,短期低氮添加对土著物种种群数量产生正效应,而长期高氮添加会抑制土著种群增长,降低生物群落多样性,破坏生态系统稳定,进而导致生态系统功能变化。外来昆虫对氮添加的响应更敏感,氮添加下外来昆虫种群数量增长更快,加速了外来物种的入侵过程。20th century,global nitrogen deposition exacerbated by human activities has led to the degradation of ecosystem functions and the loss of biodiversity worldwide.Nitrogen deposition has become an important factor in global change and has significantly affected biological populations and communities.This paper reviews the effects of atmospheric nitrogen addition on insect population and community function by altering soil microbial and vegetation composition,with an emphasis on the responses of alien and indigenous species to nitrogen addition.Exogenous nitrogen addition has a cascade effect on insects mainly through the food network effect.Short-term low nitrogen addition has a positive effect on the population of indigenous species,while long-term high nitrogen addition can inhibit the growth of indigenous population,reduce the diversity of the biological community,destroy the stability of the ecosystem,and consequently lead to change in ecosystem function.Alien insects were more sensitive to nitrogen addition,and the population of alien insects increased faster under nitrogen addition,which accelerated the invasive process of alien species.

关 键 词：大气氮沉降 昆虫种群 昆虫群落结构 生态功能 外来物种 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]