冷凉区黑土有机质和玉米产量双提升技术探索及经济效益分析  

Exploration of technology and economic benefit analysis for double improvement of soil organic matter and maize yield in cold area black soil

作　　者：徐超[1] 侯瑞星[2] 杨克军[1,3] 付健 王宇先[4] 孙淑楠 苗宇[1] 齐翔琨 XU Chao;HOU Ruixing;YANG Kejun;FU Jian;Wang Yuxian;SUN Shunan;MIAO Yu;Qi Xiangkun(College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang,163319,China;Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Simulation,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation Technology and Crop Germplasm Improvement of Heilongjiang Province,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China;Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2024年第2期121-130,共10页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类"黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项"资助(XDA28130301,XDA28130103);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071607)。

摘　　要：为明确有机肥还田+保护性耕作措施下黑龙江省西部土壤有机质和作物产量的双提升技术效果,2021年10月,在黑龙江省西部齐齐哈尔市梅里斯区开展试验,以玉米为供试作物,设置5个处理:有机肥+深松40 cm(YS40)、秸秆留茬+深松40 cm(WS40)、有机肥+旋耕20 cm(YS20)、秸秆留茬+旋耕20 cm(WS20)、有机肥表施+免耕(YB);一个对照:秸秆留茬+免耕(CK)。结果表明:施入有机肥的处理能够提升深土层土壤肥力,在20~40 cm土层中YS20处理与CK处理相比有机质和全氮依次提升11.56 g·kg^(-1)和0.57 g·kg^(-1);40~60 cm土层中YS40处理与CK处理相比有机质和全氮依次提升2.83 g·kg^(-1)和0.28 g·kg^(-1)。土壤结构方面,在0~20 cm土层中YB处理的容重较CK降低17.5%、含水量提升35.5%,40~60 cm土层中YS40处理的容重较CK处理降低5.3%、含水量提升38.4%。有机肥与保护性耕作处理提高了玉米不同生育时期叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和干物质积累量,进而提高了玉米产量,第二年的YS40、YS20、YB处理较CK处理分别增产14.5%、18.5%、11.4%。收益分析表明,与CK处理相比,2021年YB处理和2022年YS20处理收益增加最多,分别增加5770元·hm^(-2)和5223元·hm^(-2)。综上所述,黑龙江省西部薄层黑土实施有机肥还田+保护性耕作是提升土壤有机质、有机碳储量、全氮、全氮储量、玉米产量和经济效益的有效措施。To examine dual improvement effects of organic fertilizer’return and conservation tillage measures on soil organic matter and crop yield in western Heilongjiang Province,in 2021,the experiment was carried out in Meilisi District,Qiqihar City,western Heilongjiang Province.Maize was used as the test crop,and five treatments were set up:organic fertilizer deep loosening 40 cm(YS40),straw stubble+deep loosening 40 cm(WS40),organic fertilizer+rotary tillage 20 cm(YS20),straw stubble+rotary tillage 20 cm(WS20),organic fertilizer surface application+no tillage(YB);straw stubble+no-tillage(CK).The results showed that the treatment of applying organic fertilizer after two consecutive growing seasons improved the soil fertility of the deep soil layer.In the 20~40 cm soil layer,the organic matter and total nitrogen of the YS20 treatment increased by 11.56 g·kg^(-1) and 0.57 g·kg^(-1) respectively compared with the CK treatment.Compared with CK treatment,the organic matter and total nitrogen of YS40 treatment in the 40~60 cm soil layer increased by 2.83 g·kg^(-1) and 0.28 g·kg^(-1) respectively.In terms of soil structure,the bulk density of YB treatment in the 0~20 cm soil layer was 17.5%lower than that of CK,and the water content was increased by 35.5%.The bulk density of YS40 treatment in the 40~60 cm soil layer was 5.3%lower than that of CK,and the water content was increased by 38.4%.Organic fertilizer and conservation tillage treatments increased leaf area index,chlorophyll content,and dry matter accumulation at different growth stages of maize,thus significantly increasing maize yield.In the second year,YS40,YS20,and YB treatments increased yield by 14.5%,18.5%,and 11.4%respectively compared with CK treatment.Compared with CK treatment,the income difference in YB treatment in 2021 and YS20 treatment in 2022 increased the most,with an increase of 5770 CNY·hm^(-2) and 5223 CNY·hm^(-2),respectively.In summary,the implementation of organic fertilizer returning+conservation tillage in thin black soil in western Heil

关 键 词：冷凉区黑土 有机肥深施深松 玉米产量 经济效益 土壤培肥 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S365