结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白早期分泌性抗原6(ESAT-6)的免疫学性质及其在新型疫苗中作用的研究进展  

Research progress on immunological properties of ESAT-6 secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its role in new vaccines

作　　者：李玉洁 余海燕 杨雨婷 杨国平 LI Yujie;YU Haiyan;YANG Yuting;YANG Guoping(Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,School of Basic Medicine,Dali University,DaLi 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学基础医学院医学微生物学及免疫学教研室,云南大理671000

出　　处：《细胞与分子免疫学杂志》2024年第1期89-94,共6页Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology

基　　金：大理大学高层次人才资助项目(KYBS201708);大理大学临床分子免疫学创新团队(ZKLX2019105)。

摘　　要：早期分泌性抗原6(ESAT-6)是结核分枝杆菌(MTB)关键的毒力因子,可通过抑制巨噬细胞的吞噬杀菌功能与自噬反应抵抗机体对MTB的清除,从而减弱机体对MTB感染的免疫防御功能。此外,ESAT-6诱导的巨噬细胞的凋亡与固有免疫细胞的大量坏死可促进MTB的扩散、定植,引发MTB的全身感染。ESAT-6还可抑制Th1细胞的保护性免疫反应从而抑制相关促炎细胞因子的分泌,引发机体免疫功能的紊乱,加速MTB感染进程。在这一感染过程中,ESAT-6所具备的高度免疫原性使其可作为优势抗原用于新型结核病(TB)疫苗的研制,具有广阔的发展前景。Early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa protein(ESAT-6)is the major virulence factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB),which can resist the clearance of MTB in bodies by inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis and autophagy reaction,thus impeding the immune defense function of the body against MTB infection.In addition,ESAT-6-induced apoptosis of macrophage and massive necrosis of innate immune cells can foster MTB proliferation and colonization,leading to systemic MTB infection.Moreover,ESAT-6 hampers the protective immune response of Th1 cells,reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and contributing to immune dysfunction,thus accelerating the course of MTB infection.During the process,the high immunogenicity of ESAT-6 can be leveraged as a dominant antigen in the development of new TB vaccines,making it a promising candidate with broad prospects for further development.

关 键 词：结核分枝杆菌(MTB) 早期分泌性抗原6(ESAT-6) 自噬 凋亡 优势抗原 综述 

分 类 号：R378.911[医药卫生—病原生物学] G353.11[医药卫生—基础医学]