马克思对黑格尔抽象国家观批判的致思逻辑--以《黑格尔法哲学批判》为中心  

Marx's Thought Logic on Critique of Hegel's Abstract State View

作　　者：张琪钰 Zhang Qiyu

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院

出　　处：《马克思主义哲学研究》2023年第2期145-152,351,共9页Marxist Philosophical Research

摘　　要：在《黑格尔法哲学批判》中,青年马克思立足于一般唯物主义对黑格尔理性国家观的抽象性展开批判,通过对黑格尔辩证法的"颠倒",确立了市民社会决定国家、立法权高于国家制度与行政权的唯物主义国家观.事实上,黑格尔将一切现实性都视为自由精神的展开,这种抽象的理论构建使黑格尔的唯心主义法哲学不可避免地面对与现实之间的矛盾冲突,陷入逻辑神秘主义怪圈.马克思批判了黑格尔唯心主义法哲学的抽象性,对其"国家决定市民社会"的理性国家观进行逻辑重置.然而,受限于马克思此时对市民社会本质的理解尚不成熟,《黑格尔法哲学批判》仅仅将市民社会中现实的人理解为实体,导致其对黑格尔的批判仅仅停留在对理性国家观的理论颠倒层面,而不具有方法论范式的意义.In"Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law",young Marx criticized the abstract nature of Hegel's rational view of the state from a general materialist standpoint,and established a materialist view of the state that civil society determines the state,and legislative power is higher than state system and administrative power through the"reversal"of Hegel's dialectics.In fact,Hegel regards all realities as the expansion of the spirit of freedom.This abstract theoretical construction makes idealism's legal philosophy inevitably face contradictions and conflicts with reality,and fall into the strange circle of logical mysticism.Marx criticized the abstraction of Hegel's idealism legal philosophy,and logically reset his rational state view of"the state determines the civil so-ciety".However,due to Marx's immature understanding of the essence of civil society at this time,he only un-derstood the real people in civil society as entities,resulting in his criticism of Hegel only staying at the theoretical inversion of the rational state view,without the significance of methodological paradigms.

关 键 词：马克思 黑格尔 政治国家 市民社会 《黑格尔法哲学批判》 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D03[政治法律—政治学]