《明正德皇帝罪己诏》析议  

An Analysis of the ‘Emperor Zhengde's Edict of Self-Reproach’

作　　者：阎崇年[1] Yan Chongnian

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院满学研究所

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2024年第3期99-108,141,142,共12页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：1972年江苏无锡出土一件明正德九年(1514)京本誊黄“诏书”,其前有序文、中有宽恤事宜二十七款,末署“京本誊黄”,加盖“皇帝之宝”,但无题名。此诏书《明武宗实录》和《明史》等官书不见记载,但其对了解明中期宫廷、社会、经济、赋役、民生、刑事、吏治等具有重要史料价值。冯其庸先生《瓜饭楼藏文物录》(下)题此件名为《明正德皇帝罪己诏》,中国第一历史档案馆收藏冯氏捐献此件名为《正德皇帝罪诏》。本文依据原诏内容并非皇帝“罪己”,参酌以明廷三殿两宫四朝重大火灾后诏书,并以九条史料作旁证,析议其不应作《明正德皇帝罪己诏》,似应作《明正德皇帝宽恤诏》。The imperial edict archaeologically discovered in Wuxi of Jiangsu Province in1972,edited in the 9th year of Zhengde(正德) reign(1514) of the Ming dynasty,bearing the Chinese characters of ‘京本誊黄' and ‘皇帝之宝' in the end,is untitled.Specifically,it begins with a preface followed by twenty-seven clauses concerning amnesty measures and ends with the message that literally means 'copied in Beijing on yellow paper' and the stamp of 'Emperor's Treasure'.This edict is not recorded in any official historical literature such as The Veritable Records of Emperor Wuzong of Ming' or The History of Ming',yet it holds significant historical value for understanding the court,society,economy,taxation,people' s livelihood,criminal matters and administration during the middle period of the Ming Dynasty.Mr.Feng Qiyong titled it 'Emperor Zhengde's Edict of Self-Reproach' in his' Record of Artifacts at the Guafanlou(Volume Ⅱ),and the First Historical Archives of China,which houses Mr.Feng's donation,refers to it as 'Emperor Zhengde's Edict of Sin'.However,judging by the content that does not reflect the emperor's self-reproach and the issue of the edicts after the major fires on the three halls and two palaces of the Ming court together with 9 historical files as side evidence,this thesis argues that this edict is likely the 'Emperor Zhengde's Edict of Clemency'(《明正德皇帝宽恤诏》in Chinese) instead of the 'Emperor Zhengde's Edict of Self-Reproach'(《明正德皇帝罪己诏》in Chinese).

关 键 词：正德皇帝 乾清宫 火灾 罪己诏 罪诏 宽恤 

分 类 号：K877.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K248[历史地理—历史学]