闽南建筑山花与悬鱼的差异辨析  

Analysis of Differences Between Pediments and Fish-shaped Boards in Minnan Architecture

作　　者：牛佳伟 NIU Jiawei(College of Arts&Design,Jimei University,Xiamen,Fujian 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学美术与设计学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《闽江学院学报》2023年第6期10-19,共10页Journal of Minjiang University

摘　　要：闽南建筑山尖装饰可分为山花与悬鱼两种,二者的差异主要表现在3个方面。在概念辨析方面,悬鱼应位于搏风板之下而山花则受限于歇山顶建筑。闽南建筑硬质山墙大多不设搏风与悬鱼,且山尖装饰部件依墙而存,因此更倾向于山花。在历史渊源方面,悬鱼因“八姓入闽”等历史原因更多存在于闽西北地区,山花要晚于悬鱼产生且在闽南地区传播更为广泛。在纹饰和内涵方面,悬鱼更侧重以水压火之意,题材偏好鲤鱼纹、云纹等;而山花更侧重于祈福的内涵,纹饰题材丰富多变。产生这些差异的原因包括山花与悬鱼不同的表现空间、材质、制作技艺及其所受的文化影响不同等。The decoration of the mountain tip of Minnan architecture is pediments rather than fish-shaped boards.The main differences are as follows.In terms of concept,fish-shaped boards are located under the wind-shielding boards,while pediments are restricted to the gable and hip roof.Most of the hard gables in Minnan architecture do not have the wind-shielding boards or fish-shaped boards.Meanwhile,the decorative parts of the mountain tip depend on the wall,so they are more inclined to be pediments.In terms of historical origin,fish-shaped boards exist more in the northwest of Fujian due to historical reasons such as"eight surnames entering Fujian".Pediments emerge later than fish-shaped boards and spread more widely in southern Fujian.In terms of ornamentation and connotation,fish-shaped boards emphasize the meaning of suppressing fire with water,so the themes prefer carp patterns and cloud patterns,while pediments emphasize the connotation of blessing,and the themes are very rich and varied.In addition,through comparison,it is found that the reasons for the differences between pediments and fish-shaped boards in Minnan architecture include their different performance spaces,materials,techniques,and cultural influences.

关 键 词：闽南建筑 山花 悬鱼 历史渊源 纹饰题材 

分 类 号：J525[艺术—艺术设计] TU238[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]