第23届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验试题及解答  

The 23rd Asian Physics Olympiad test questions and answers

作　　者：荣新 李智[1] 孟策 王若鹏[1] RONG Xin;LI Zhi;MENG Ce;WANG Ruopeng(School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《物理实验》2024年第3期15-24,共10页Physics Experimentation

摘　　要：第23届亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛实验部分包括2道试题:赫兹接触应力和源于表面热形变的干涉,试题1通过大角度摆控制碰撞速度,利用示波器测量碰撞时间,实验方法巧妙,同时考查了量纲分析;试题2观察并测量了激光热致形变的干涉图样,根据数据计算形变高度,数据处理部分多次采用了化曲为直的方法.此竞赛题目可作为学生模拟参赛训练的素材,对近年奥赛题目难度有所增大的趋势下备赛、参赛具有一定启发.Two questions of the experimental part of the 23rd Asian Physics Olympiad were Hertzian contact stress and interference from thermally deformed surface.In question 1,the collision velocity was controlled by large angle pendulum,the collision time was measured with an oscilloscope.The experimental method was ingenious and the dimensional analysis was also investigated.In question 2,the interference pattern of laser thermal deformation was observed and measured,the deformation height was calculated according to the data,and the method of bending to straight was adopted in the data processing.These questions could be used as the material for students’simulated competition training,which had some inspiration for preparing for and participating in the Olympiad test under the trend of increasing difficulty of questions in recent years.

关 键 词：亚洲物理奥林匹克竞赛 大角度摆 碰撞时间 热致形变 

分 类 号：O344.3[理学—固体力学] O436.1[理学—力学]