基于热带法测量低熔点固体的导热系数  

Measuring thermal conductivity of low-melting point solidsbased on hot-strip method

作　　者：谢知言 童童 崔文骥 刘志洋 陈玉旻 刘德华 赵述敏[1] XIE Zhiyan;TONG Tong;CUI Wenji;LIU Zhiyang;CHEN Yumin;LIU Dehua;ZHAO Shumin(School of Physics,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学物理学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《物理实验》2024年第3期54-61,共8页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：2022年国家级大学生创新训练项目(No.GJ202210698004);2022年西安交通大学本科教学改革研究青年项目(No.2022Q-19)。

摘　　要：稳态法测量导热系数的实验原理明晰,但测试时间长,且不便于测量低熔点样品;热带法是用同一条带状金属同时充当热源和温度传感器并实现导热系数高效测量的方法.基于热带法,设计了瞬态导热系数测试装置,搭建了包括测试电路和制冷系统在内的实验平台,并基于高斯-牛顿迭代法处理实验数据.性能测试结果表明:热带传感特性线性度较好,单次测试时间只需约30 s,平台可提供-15~0℃的低温测试环境,可对较低熔点的样品进行测量.从热带因存在热容吸热、热带端部的热量逸散和匹配电阻的温漂给出了减少导热系数测量偏差的措施.The steady-state method of thermal conductivity measurement has the clarity of experimental principle but takes a long time and is inconvenient to test materials with a low-melting point.To achieve the effective thermal conductivity measurement of such sample,an attempt was made to develop a transient thermal conductivity tester based on hot-strip method,which utilized a metal strip(so called hot-strip)not only as a heating source but also as a temperature detector.An experimental platform including a testing circuit and a refrigerating system was constructed,and the experimental data were processed by Gauss-Newton iterative method.The result of the property test showed that the hot-strip had a high linearity in sensing property;only around 30 s was taken for each test;temperature from-15~0℃in testing area was provided,thus some materials with low-melting point could be tested.The measures to reduce the deviation of thermal conductivity measurement were given from the heat absorption of hot-strip heat capacity,heat dissipation of hot-strip end and temperature drift of matching resistance.

关 键 词：导热系数 热带法 低熔点固体 

分 类 号：O551.3[理学—热学与物质分子运动论]