干旱胁迫下三种野牡丹科植物的生理响应  

Physiological Responses of Three Melastomaceae Species to Drought Stress

作　　者：王宏信[1] 袁浪兴 张晓凤 赵坤坤 Wang Hongxin;Yuan Langxing;Zhang Xiaofeng;Zhao Kunkun(Zhai Mingguo Academician Work Station,Sanya University,Sanya Hainan572000;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Haikou Hainan571101;Hainan Academy of Forestry(Hainan Academy of Mangrove),Haikou Hainan571100)

机构地区：[1]三亚学院翟明国院士工作站,海南三亚572000 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571101 [3]海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院),海南海口571100

出　　处：《热带林业》2023年第4期11-17,23,共8页Tropical Forestry

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划现代农业方向项目(ZDYF2022XDNY176):海南省三种野牡丹科物种生态适应策略及资源评价与利用;海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(320RC672):野牡丹科卷花丹属的系统学研究。

摘　　要：采用盆栽称重控水法,研究不同干旱胁迫强度对3种野牡丹科植物的形态生长、根系形态结构、渗透调节物质含量、光合能力和抗氧化酶活性的影响,并通过主成分分析法对其抗旱性进行综合评价比较。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫显著抑制了3种野牡丹科植物的形态生长,受干旱胁迫的影响,紫毛野牡丹和附生美丁花除根系平均直径变化趋势不同外,根系长度、根系体积、根系表面积均是先增加后减少,而藤牡丹的根系体积则是先增加后降低,其他的根系指标则是持续降低的趋势;(2)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,3种野牡丹科植物的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率和水分利用率均持续下降,而脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量持续增加,SOD和POD活性则是先增加后降低;(3)主成分分析表明:从15个指标中提取出3个主成分,利用3个主成分对3种野牡丹科植物的抗旱能力进行综合分析,结果显示附生美丁花的耐旱能力最强,紫毛野牡丹次之,而藤牡丹对水分缺失最为敏感。This study aimed to explore the response and adaptability of different Melastomaceae under different drought stresses and reveal the drought resistance mechanism.In order to explore the response and adaptability of Melastomaceae species under different drought stresses,in this study,Melastoma penicillatum,Medinilla arboricola and Diplectria barbata were selected to evaluate drought resistance from osmotic adjustment substances,antioxidant enzyme system,photosynthetic capacity and root morphological structure.The results showed that:(1)Drought stress significantly inhibited the morphological growth of three species of Melastomaceae.Under the influence of drought stress,the root length,root volume and root surface area of Melastoma penicillatum and Medinilla arboricola were increased first and then decreased,while the root volume of Diplectria barbata was increased first and then decreased,and other root indicators were decreased continuously.(2)With the intensification of drought stress,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(GS),intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr)and water use efficiency(WUE)of the three species of Melastomaceae decreased,while the contents of proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein continued to increase,while the activities of SOD and POD increased first and then decreased.(3)The principal component analysis showed that three principal components were extracted from 15 indicators,and the drought resistance of three species of Melastomaceae was comprehensively analyzed by using three principal components.The results showed that the drought resistance of Medinilla arboricola was the strongest,followed by the Melastoma penicillatum,and the Diplectria barbatawas the most sensitive to water loss.

关 键 词：干旱胁迫 生理特性 野牡丹科 主成分分析法 

分 类 号：Q945.19[生物学—植物学]