传统博物学视域下两宋花卉谱录与士人群体考察  

From The Perspective of Traditional Naturalism,the Floral Records of The Two Song Dynasty and the Investigation of Scholar Groups

作　　者：郭幼为 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学中国文化史籍研究所中国史博士后流动站 [2]仲恺农业工程学院马克思主义学院

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2024年第3期65-72,共8页History Teaching

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“晋唐以来廿五种道地植物药的形成史研究”(项目编号:23YJC770007);中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助课题“宋元以来若干植物药的本草书写与道地药材建构研究”(项目编号:2023M731317);国家社会科学基金重大项目“日本静嘉堂所藏宋元珍本文集整理与研究”(项目编号:18ZDA180)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：传统博物学是中国古人关于自然与社会的知识基础,其知识图景包括观察者、观察对象以及观察的范围和表述方式,体现的是社会和文化精神的变迁。宋朝时花卉的人工培育、种植进入繁盛期,品种愈出愈奇,分布渐趋广泛。可以说,两宋时期发生的转变将中国花卉文化史划分为唐至北宋和南宋至明清两个时间段。四十余种花卉专谱在这个社会大背景下诞生。北宋的花卉谱录主要为牡丹谱和芍药谱;而南宋以菊谱、梅谱、兰谱为主。从传统博物学的视域来考论时人博物知识的穷理精神,揭示两宋士人在不同境遇下识别、观察、认知花卉,进而在社会思潮逐渐“向内转”的过程中两宋士人群体撰写了不同于西方自然史的花卉“博物志”,呈现出时人多识以求、博物不感、与自然和谐共生的精神。Traditional natural history is the basis of knowledge about nature and society in ancient China.Its knowledge picture includes the observer,the object of observation,the scope of observation and the way of expression,reflects the social and cultural spiritual changes.In the Song Dynasty,the artificial cultivation and planting of flowers entered the flourishing period,the varieties became more and more strange,and the distribution became more and more extensive.It can be said that the changes in the two Song Dynasties divided the history of Chinese flower culture into the Tang to the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasty.More than 40 species of flower spectrum in this social background was born.The spectrum of flowers and plants in Northern Song Dynasty was mainly composed of peony and peony,while those in Southern Song Dynasty were mainly composed of chrysanthemum,plum and orchid.From the perspective of traditional natural history,this paper discusses the poor spirit of people's natural knowledge and reveals that scholars in the Song Dynasty recognized,observed and recognized flowers under different circumstances,then,in the process of turning inward gradually,scholars in the Song Dynasty wrote a"Natural history"of flowers,which was different from the western natural history.

关 键 词：两宋 花卉 谱录 传统博物学 士人群体 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]