学科交叉驱动的地图思维演化  

Interdisciplinary-Driven Evolution of Map Thinking

作　　者：任福[1,2,3,4] 王昭 杜清运[1,2,3,4] 李中 李博辉[1] REN Fu;WANG Zhao;DU Qingyun;LI Zhong;LI Bohui(School of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China;Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System,Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430079,China;Key Laboratory of Digital Cartography and Land Information Application,Ministry of Natural Resources,Wuhan 430079,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology,Wuhan 430079,China;Tianjin Hydrographic Center,NNSC of MOT,Tianjin 300220,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,武汉430079 [2]武汉大学地理信息系统教育部重点实验室,武汉430079 [3]自然资源部数字制图与国土信息应用重点实验室,武汉430079 [4]地球空间信息技术协同创新中心,武汉430079 [5]交通运输部北海航海保障中心天津海事测绘中心,天津300220

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2024年第1期46-55,共10页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071448)。

摘　　要：信息通讯技术时代,地图表达对象已着眼于物理空间、社会空间以及信息空间组成的三元空间。伴随“数字化”“智能化”和“智慧化”等信息化阶段的演进,地图学知识体系也随之发生着深刻变化。在此过程中,地图思维演化成为认识、理解和构建空间思维的重要途径,可以具体提炼为“数-形-图-谱”4种思维方式。“数思维”是对传统二元空间中地理实体和现象的定量化描述和表达,追求空间描述的“精度和准确”;“形思维”是“数”的符号映射,以可视化形式承载人类的地理学洞察力,看重“相似与保真”;“图思维”进一步完成区域事象之间关系和结构的抽象,形成意义整体,是建立“地图/GIS+行业应用”的思维基础,其基本路径涵盖隐喻启示、泛化表达和知识链接;“谱思维”是按照对象的类别或系统,采取某种特征将一系列地图编辑起来,形成具有动态演化特征的概念体系。多学科驱动下,地图“数-形-图-谱”4种思维方式在语法特征、语义功能、语用特征、实现路径、表达类型和关键技术方面都存在着显著的差异性。测绘科学更多立足于地图“数-形”思维,重在科学量度和表达地理要素的空间分布;地理学更加偏向于“图-谱”思维,重在揭示地理现象的规律与机制。The map is one of the most powerful and lasting geographical thinking,reflecting the way of human observing and understanding geographical elements and phenomena.In the era of information and communications technology,the map is defined as a visual information representation of ternary space consisting of physical space,social space,and information space.In the three stages of digitalization,intelligentization,and smartization,the knowledge system of cartography has also undergone profound changes and evolution,whose connotation and extension are constantly expanding and generalizing,and it is constantly cross-penetrating with multiple disciplines in terms of depth and breadth.In this process,map thinking has become an important way of knowing,understanding and constructing spatial thinking,which can be specifically distilled into four ways of thinking,namely,Digital-Shape-Graph-Spectrum thinking.Map thinking is an important research method in geographic science and even in earth science,and refining and coalescing map thinking can form a new path for understanding spatial thinking in ternary space.Respectively,digital thinking is a quantitative description and expression of geographical entities and phenomena in the traditional binary space,pursuing the"precision and accuracy"of spatial description;Shaped thinking is a symbolic form of mapping of"digital",which focuses on"similarity and detail"expressing human geographical insights in a visual form;Thinking about geographical problems through graph thinking is to show the connections between things and form a logical abstraction.It is the foundation for establishing the"map/GIS+professional applications"ecology,and its basic paths include metaphorical inspiration,generalized expression,and knowledge linking.Spectral thinking is a system that organizes a series of maps based on the category or system of objects,using certain characteristics to form a dynamic evolutionary system.Driven by multidisciplinary,the four modes of thinking of Digital-Shape-Graph-Spectrum

关 键 词：地图学 地图思维 空间思维 思维演化 地理学 测绘科学 地理信息科学 三元空间 

分 类 号：P28[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] P208[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]