地图视觉变量语法结构的神经机理分析  

Neural Mechanism Analysis of Cartographic Visual Variables Syntactic Construction

作　　者：乔莉鸽 吴明光[1,2,3] 闾国年 QIAO Lige;WU Mingguang;LV Guonian(College of Geographic Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Ministry of Education,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京210023 [3]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2024年第1期121-134,共14页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42371443、41971417、41930104)。

摘　　要：视觉变量语法结构是指导视觉变量与表征的数据特征相匹配的规则。当前,构建地图符号的视觉变量语法研究主要基于制图者的经验和直觉,旨在有效地传输地图表达的信息,视觉机理解释不足,还存在视觉变量语法结构分类的类型不一致、个数不统一、结论存在争议等问题,影响视觉变量与数据特征的匹配,给地图信息的理解带来困难。如今,随着视觉神经科学的发展,人类视觉系统的信息处理流程逐渐明确,为从神经学视角解读视觉变量语法结构提供了理论基础。本文首先以典型绘画和地图为例,总结人类眼-脑视觉信息处理特征及流程;然后分析Bertin和MacEachren的视觉变量语法结构的神经机理;最后从视觉通路和视觉区域功能特征的角度给出视觉变量语法结构分类的类型、个数和结论。研究成果可为视觉变量语法结构提供新的认知视角,为指导视觉变量的使用提供认知基础,突破地图视觉变量语法结构研究依赖经验总结的局限性,还能为现代地图学中新的视觉变量语法结构的神经机理分析提供有益的参考。The syntactic structure of visual variables refers to a set of rules that guide the matching of visual variables with the types of characteristics represented in data.In current cartographic research,the development of syntactic structures for constructing map symbols is deeply rooted in the experiential knowledge and intuition of cartographers,aiming to effectively convey information expressed in maps.However,there are notable shortcomings in the interpretation of visual neural mechanisms,such as inconsistent classification,inconsistent quantities,and controversial conclusions in the syntactic structure of visual variables.These challenges have farreaching implications for the alignment of visual variables with data characteristics,often resulting in map representations that may fall short in terms of design efficacy.The ensuing complexity hinders better understanding of map information by users.Against this backdrop,the burgeoning field of visual neuroscience emerges as a transformative force,progressively unraveling the intricate information processing and features of the human visual system.This advancement provides a robust theoretical underpinning,offering a neurologically informed perspective in interpretating visual variable syntactic structures.To achieve a comprehensive understanding,this paper gives a summary of human eye-brain visual information processing.Taking cues from typical paintings and maps,the multifaceted features and processes inherent in complex cognitive activities are discussed.Subsequently,the paper delves into the neural mechanism of the classic syntactic structures of visual variables proposed by Bertin and MacEachren,unraveling the intricacies of how the human brain processes visual information to derive meaningful representations.A critical facet of this neural mechanism analysis involves the classification of visual variable syntactic structures,an undertaking approached from the vantage point of the functional characteristics of visual pathways and visual areas within the eye-bra

关 键 词：视觉变量 语法结构 地图学 视觉感受 数据特征 视觉信息处理 视觉通路 神经机理 

分 类 号：P283.1[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]