江汉平原收缩村庄的类型划分及弹性规划策略--基于对仙桃市606个村庄的调查  

Types of shrinking villages and flexible planning strategies in the Jianghan Plain region:Based on an investigation of 606 villages in Xiantao City

作　　者：刘合林[1,2] 张旻薇 王雨晨 徐颖 代东刚 LIU Helin;ZHANG Minwei;WANG Yuchen;XU Ying;DAI Donggang(School of Architecture&Urban Planning,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization,Wuhan 430074,China;MCC Southern City Construction Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430223,China;School of Physics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,武汉430074 [2]湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心,武汉430074 [3]中冶南方城市建设工程技术有限公司,武汉430223 [4]华中科技大学物理学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《资源科学》2024年第2期407-420,共14页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52278063);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2021CFB012);湖北省社会科学基金项目(HBSK2022YB417);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(23YJAZH154)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对江汉平原地区乡村普遍收缩的问题,研究村庄收缩的成因差异,基于成因差异识别收缩村庄类型,探讨基于类型的规划响应策略。【方法】以位于江汉平原的仙桃市为例,通过田野调查建立606个村庄的村情数据库,从人口和空间两个维度综合识别乡村收缩,识别具有相似收缩特征的典型区,构建“定量+定性”的分析框架,归纳收缩典型区的成因类型。【结果】仙桃市的乡村收缩现象普遍,人口与空间收缩值分别为-48.48%和-13.37%;影响人口收缩的最主要因素表现为因乡村空心化而造成的老龄人口占比趋高;影响空间收缩的最主要因素表现为因地理邻近而形成的大城市虹吸作用。收缩村庄主要包括老龄衰退型、交通滞后型和虹吸萎缩型3种。【结论】江汉平原地区的乡村收缩现象普遍,但不同的收缩村庄的成因存在明显差异。老龄衰退型村庄的规划策略重点在弹性适配公共服务设施;交通滞后型村庄的规划策略重点在弹性改善交通条件;虹吸萎缩型村庄的规划策略重点在弹性提升产业基础和盘活闲置空间。基于成因差异划分收缩村庄类型有助于分类施策、明确各类型村庄弹性规划的重点和具体策略、增强在地性与可行性。[Objective]Against the backdrop of widespread rural shrinkage in the Jianghan Plain region,this study investigates the differences in the causes of village shrinkage so as to identify the types of shrinking villages.It also aims to explore the planning strategies for different villages by referring to their types.[Methods]This study took Xiantao City as a case and employed field surveys to establish a village database comprising 606 villages.It comprehensively identified shrinking villages from both the population and spatial perspectives and recognized typical areas with similar shrinkage features.By constructing a combined quantitative and qualitative analytical framework,this study categorized causal types of shrinkage in these typical areas.[Results]The research findings reveal that the rural shrinkage phenomenon in Xiantao City is widespread.Population and spatial shrinkage values stand at-48.48%and-13.37%,respectively.In addition,most villages have experienced both population and spatial shrinkage simultaneously;From the spatial dimension,it reveals that village shrinkage exhibits a pattern of being“serious in the east,moderate in the west,and severe in the periphery in general”.The primary factor affecting population shrinkage is high ratio of aging popluation caused by rural hollowing,and the primary factor affecting spatial shrinkage is the siphon effect caused by proximity to large city.Shrinking villages are classified into three main types:aging-induced decline,transportation lagged,and siphon-induced shrinkage.[Conclusion]The phenomenon of rural shrinkage is common in Jianghan plain area,but there are significant differences in the causes of shrinkage among different villages.Accordingly,the key planning strategy for aging-induced decline villages is flexible arrangement of public service facilities;The key planning strategy for transportation lagged villages is flexible improvement of transportation;The key planning strategy for siphon-induced shrinkage village is flexible strengthening of the i

关 键 词：乡村收缩 村庄类型 人口老龄化 虹吸效应 弹性规划 江汉平原 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]