渭河陕西段干支流多环芳烃分布特征及潜在生态风险研究  

Study on distribution characteristics and potential ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mainstream and tributaries of the Shaanxi section of the Weihe River

作　　者：周艾诗 孙亚乔[1,2] 叶菲 蒋婕 杨思月 李奇 曲鹏飞[3,4] ZHOU Aishi;SUN Yaqiao;YE Fei;JIANG Jie;YANG Siyue;LI Qi;QU Pengfei(School of Water and Environment,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region,Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi’an 710065,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration,Xi’an 710065,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学水利与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [2]长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710065 [4]陕西省河湖生态保护与修复“四主体一联合”工程技术研究中心,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2024年第2期133-147,共15页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877190,42277061);陕西省重点研发计划(2020ZDLSF06-04,2021ZDLSF05-05)。

摘　　要：【目的】为研究渭河陕西段干支流多环芳烃的时空分布特征,分析其来源与潜在的生态风险,【方法】采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)连续2 a对研究区内30个采样点水体的15种多环芳烃进行了定量检测分析,使用异构体比值法解析其来源种类及贡献程度,并运用苯并(a)芘毒性当量生态风险评价(TEQBap)和终生致癌风险评价(ILCR)分析其潜在风险。【结果】结果显示:渭河陕西段水体中ΣPAHs范围为0~93.00 ng·L^(-1),检出平均值为9.67 ng·L^(-1);单体浓度范围为0~30.50 ng·L^(-1),其中苯并蒽和芴的检出浓度最高,检出平均值分别为3.25 ng·L^(-1)、2.83 ng·L^(-1);在环数占比上,多环芳烃主要以三环、四环和五环的中高环形态存在。【结论】结论表明:渭河陕西段平水期各多环芳烃浓度相比丰水期有所增加,丰水期各多环芳烃种类分布相比平水期较为单一;各采样点处多环芳烃小于轻污染水平,与国内外其他河流相比处于较低水平;多环芳烃主要来源为煤等化石燃料及生物质的燃烧,并具有一定的生态风险,致癌风险不容忽视。[Objective]In order to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the mainstream and tributaries of the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province,and to analyze their sources and potential ecological risks,[Methods]gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to quantitatively detect and analyze 15 kinds of PAHs in 30 sampling sites in the study area for two consecutive years.The isomer ratio method was used to analyze the source types and contribution degree,and the potential risks were analyzed by benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent ecological risk assessment(TEQBap)and lifetime carcinogenic risk assessment(ILCR).[Results]The result showed that the concentration ofΣPAHs in the water of the Shaanxi section of Weihe River ranged from 0 to 93.00 ng·L^(-1),with an average of 9.67 ng·L^(-1).The monomer concentration ranged from 0 to 30.50 ng·L^(-1),and the detection concentrations of benzoanthracene and fluorene were the highest,with average values of 3.25 ng·L^(-1) and 2.83 ng·L^(-1),respectively.In terms of the proportion of rings,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mainly exist in the form of medium and high rings of three rings,four rings and five rings.[Conclusion]The result showed that the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water-stable period of Shaanxi section of Weihe River was higher than that in the high-water period,and the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the high-water period was more single than that in the water-stable period.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at each sampling point were less than the light pollution level,which was at a low level compared with other rivers at home and abroad.The main source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and biomass,which has certain ecological risks.The carcinogenic risk cannot be ignored.

关 键 词：渭河陕西段 多环芳烃 污染特征 生态风险 水环境 致癌风险 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]