流域初始水权分配的主从递阶双层优化方法  

Master‑slave hierarchical bi‑level optimization method for initial water rights allocation in the river basin

作　　者：吴丹[1] 潘朱玲 WU Dan;PAN Zhuling(School of Economics and Management,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学经济管理学院,北京100144

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第2期213-224,共12页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“水资源刚性约束下流域初始水权与产业结构优化适配研究”(批准号:21YJCZH176);北方工业大学北京城市治理研究基地资助项目“北京城市科技-经济-生态系统治理效能评价体系研究”(批准号:2023CSZL01)。

摘　　要：依托“流域-地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配模式,“流域-地区”层次影响制约“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配,“流域-地区”和“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配共同影响流域综合效益。现有研究主要聚焦“流域-地区”或“地区-行业”层次的初始水权分配,但将两个层次集成进行初始水权分配仍有待深化研究。为此,构建主从递阶双层优化方法,开展流域初始水权分配研究。具体可表述为:①针对“流域-地区”层次,建立流域综合效益优化函数与约束条件。构造适应性诊断准则和空间均衡性诊断准则,嵌入流域综合效益优化函数中,提高地区之间初始水权分配与经济社会发展的适应性、流域分水的空间均衡性。②针对“地区-行业”层次,建立地区综合效益优化的非线性目标规划模型,保障行业发展用水需求。并构造匹配性诊断准则嵌入非线性目标规划模型中,提高地区不同行业初始水权分配与行业发展的匹配性。③集成“流域-地区”和“地区-行业”层次,应用主从递阶双层优化方法,开展黄河流域初始水权分配实践探索。研究得出:通过黄河流域初始水权分配方案设计,得到黄河流域涉及省区水权分配比例与其经济社会发展综合指标加权值比例的比值,其中,内蒙古-陕西、陕西-宁夏、宁夏-山西、山西-河南、河南-甘肃、甘肃-青海、青海-山东分别为0.84、1.45、0.84、1.08、1.19、1.77、1.02,满足适应性诊断准则。黄河流域初始水权分配的基尼系数为0.10,属于“空间均衡度很高”,满足空间均衡性诊断准则。黄河流域涉及省区不同行业的水权配置与行业发展的匹配度均超过0.90,属于“高度匹配”。同时,黄河流域经济、社会、生态效益优化函数对应的满意度分别达到0.946、0.943、1.000,黄河流域涉及省区的经济、社会、生态效益优化函数对应的满意度均超�Based on the initial water rights allocation mode at the‘basin-region-industry’level,the initial water rights allocation at the‘basin-region’level affects and restricts that at the‘region-industry’level,while the initial water rights allocation at the‘basin-region’and‘region-industry’levels jointly affect the comprehensive benefits of the river basin.Existing research mainly focuses on initial water rights allocation at the‘basin-region’level or‘region-industry’level,but further research is needed to investigate the integration of the two levels in optimizing initial water rights allocation.Therefore,the master-slave hierarchical bi-level optimization method was constructed to conduct research on initial water rights allocation in the river basin.The method can be expressed as follows:①For the initial water rights allocation at the‘basin-region’level,the optimization function of the comprehensive benefits and constraint conditions of the river basin was established,and the adaptive diagnostic criteria and spatial equilibrium diagnostic criteria were constructed and embedded in the optimization function of the comprehensive benefits of the river basin,so as to improve the adaptability of the initial water rights allocation among regions to eco-social development and the spatial equilibrium of the initial water rights allocation of the river basin.②For the initial water rights allocation at the‘region-industry’level,a nonlinear objective programming model was established for optimizing regional comprehensive benefits to ensure the water demand for industry development.And the matching diagnostic criteria were constructed and embedded into the nonlinear objective programming model to improve the matching between the initial water rights allocation of different industries in the region and the industries'development.Finally,the master-slave hierarchical bilevel optimization method was applied to explore the initial water rights allocation practice in the Yellow River Basin.The

关 键 词：流域 初始水权分配 主从递阶双层优化方法 公平性 适配性 空间均衡 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]