“南海行为准则”与区域海洋治理机制创新  

The Code of Conduct in the South China Sea(COC)and Innovation in Regional Ocean Governance Mechanisms

作　　者：葛淼 GE Miao(Law of School,Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学法学院

出　　处：《东南亚研究》2024年第1期70-87,156,157,共20页Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘人类命运共同体’国际法理论与实践研究”(18AFX025)。

摘　　要：《联合国海洋法公约》构建普遍性的全球海洋治理机制,但不是国际海洋法体系的上位法。国际法是多层级的立体系统,全球性海洋公约和区域性海洋法构成国际海洋法的双层次结构。区域性海洋法可能形成新的习惯国际海洋法,为《公约》提供更新的动力。“南海行为准则”构建南海的区域海洋治理机制,是对《公约》的扬弃,只要其有利于建立符合各方利益的南海秩序,同时没有违背公认的习惯海洋法原则,可以做出不同于《公约》的规定。“南海行为准则”的磋商困局有三个主因:南海的不对称格局、东盟对中国的不信任推定以及第三方国家的干预和介入。通过“南海行为准则”磋商构建区域海洋秩序应以搁置主权争议、规制当事方行为、反对第三方国家干预和介入、避免安全局势升级为主要内容。The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)establishes a universal mechanism for global maritime governance but is not the supreme law within the international maritime legal framework.International law is a multi-tiered,three-dimensional system where global maritime conventions and regional maritime laws constitute a dual-layered structure of international maritime law.Regional maritime laws may give rise to new customary international maritime law,providing renewed impetus to the Convention.The Code of Conduct in the South China Sea(COC)is aimed at establishing a regional maritime governance mechanism for the area,representing both an adoption and an adaptation of UNCLOS.As long as it promotes the establishment of a South China Sea order that aligns with the interests of all parties involved,and does not contravene the universally recognized principles of customary maritime law,it may stipulate provisions that differ from those in UNCLOS.The negotiation impasse concerning the COC has three main causes:the asymmetric power structure in the region,ASEAN s presumption of distrust towards China,and the intervention and meddling by third-party states.The construction of a regional maritime order through consultations on COC should primarily focus on setting aside sovereign disputes,regulating the conduct of the parties involved,and avoiding the escalation of the security situations.

关 键 词：南海行为准则 《联合国海洋法公约》 国际海洋法 南海秩序 区域治理 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]