马克思对历史法学派的批判及其民族论域  

The Critique of Marx to Historical School and Its National Discourse

作　　者：邹诗鹏[1] Zou Shipeng(School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期1-10,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：青年马克思的历史法学派批判,其实质是基于启蒙自由主义展开的保守主义及封建主义批判,这一批判延伸至黑格尔法哲学批判,并包含着值得挖掘的民族论域。马克思特别揭示了历史法学派的怀疑论与相对主义,历史法学派对历史进步观及其现实历史的非理性态度,及其对历史的轻率,既有认识论上的怀疑论,也有价值观上的相对主义与虚无主义,马克思强调社会历史的可知论及其历史进步论。历史法学派的兴起表明浪漫主义的民族意识已与国家法结合在一起,但马克思的批判性分析揭示了其拒斥某种起源性及前现代的族群集聚及其狭隘民族主义。与此同时,马克思的实践批判又伴随着民族的阶级化理解,并为19世纪50年代前后民族主义的兴起作了理论上的准备。The critique of the young Marx of historical school of law is in essence a critique of conservatism and feudalism based on enlightenment liberalism,which extends to the critique of Hegel's philosophy of law and contains a national discourse worth excavating.In particular,Marx revealed the skepticism and relativism of the historical school.The irrational attitude of the historical school of law towards the concept of historical progress and its real history and the indiscretion towards history,are both the skepticism in epistemology and relativism and nihilism in values.While the emphasis of Marx is the knowability of social history and its theory of historical progress.The rise of the historical school of law indicates that the ethnical consciousness of romanticism has been combined with the law of the nation,but Marx's critical analysis shows its rejections to a certain origin and pre-modern ethnic groups gathering and the narrow nationalism behind it.At the same time,Marx's practical criticism was accompanied by the grasp of the gentrification of the ethnicity,and made theoretical preparations for the rise of nationalism around the 1950s.

关 键 词：马克思 历史法学派 保守主义 怀疑论 民族 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] A81[哲学宗教—哲学理论]