数字时代数据接入权的法律保障研究  

The Proof,Obstacle and Guarantee of Data Access Right

作　　者：蒋银华[1] 赵怡萱 JIANG Yinhua;ZHAO Yixuan(Law School,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《广州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期45-57,共13页Journal of Guangzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BFX024);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(22JZD017)。

摘　　要：数字浪潮席卷后的沙滩留下了许多名为“数字权利”的贝壳,引起学界热烈讨论,然而目前尚缺乏像数据接入权一样最为基础的权利概念。因此从新兴权利这一视角出发,宪法人权条款、人格尊严条款和概括限制条款为该权利的证立提供了宪法规范依据。数据接入权相当于公民在数字空间的生命,是个人通过数据与互联网连接形成的参与数字活动的资格,是数字时代的基本人权。该权利的实现有赖于数字法律制度的构建,充分发挥国家、平台和用户各个主体参与数字治理的能动性,明晰行政部门职能定位,建立完备的国家监管机制。数据的接入保护宜以分类分级规则为指导,尊重个人隐私权、知情权;同时,侵权责任遵循过错推定责任原则,并以无过错责任为补充,关注预防性责任应对潜在风险,引入公益诉讼机制,从而为公民的数据接入保护拉起最后一道防线。Many shells called"digital rights"have been left on the beach after the digital wave,which have aroused heated discussions in the academic community.However,there is still a lack of the concept of the most basic rights like the right to data access.Therefore,from the perspective of emerging rights,the constitutional human rights clause,the personal dignity clause and the general restriction clause provide the constitutional normative basis for the justification of this right.The right to data access is equivalent to the life of citizens in the digital space.It is the qualification of individuals to participate in digital activities through data and Internet connection.It is a basic human right in the digital age.The realization of this right depends on the construction of a digital legal system,giving full play to the initia-tive of the country,platforms and users to participate in digital governance,clarifying the functional posi-tioning of administrative departments,and establishing a complete national regulatory mechanism.Data access protection should be guided by classifying and grading rules and respect individual privacy and right to know.At the same time,tort liability shall follow the principle of presumed fault liability,sup-plemented by no-fault liability,paying attention to preventive responsibility to deal with potential risks,and introducing public interest litigation mechanism,so as to draw up the last line of defense for citizens′data access protection.

关 键 词：数据接入权 数字权利 宪法基本权利 法律保障 数字时代 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]