城市间要素配置:空间一般均衡下的结构与增长  

Inter-city Factor Reallocation:Structural Transformation and Growth in a Spatial General Equilibrium Analysis

作　　者：钟粤俊 奚锡灿 陆铭[3] ZHONG Yuejun;XI Xican;LU Ming(School of Economics and Management,East China Normal University;School of Economics,Fudan University;Antai College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学经济与管理学院,200062 [2]复旦大学经济学院、上海国际金融与经济研究院,200433 [3]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院、中国发展研究院和中国城市治理研究院,200030

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第2期59-77,共19页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72073094,72342035);上海交通大学现代金融研究基金(202207)的资助。

摘　　要：中国可以通过调整劳动和土地等要素在城市间的配置,推进结构转型、促进经济增长、提升社会福利。由于规模效应和收入效应,大城市更具发展服务业的优势。本文构建了包含两部门的空间一般均衡模型进行定量分析,结果表明:(1)降低人口流向大城市的障碍(下降25%),服务业占就业和GDP比重将上升约2个百分点,城市间收入差距减少7.3%,GDP和社会福利提高约7%。(2)将大城市的土地供应份额恢复到样本期间的最高值,服务业占就业和GDP比重分别会提高1个百分点,GDP和社会福利提高约3%。(3)在新发展阶段,服务业比重将持续上升,上述改革释放的结构红利会更大。本文研究表明,畅通生产要素国内大循环,释放要素向大城市集聚的潜力,能更好地解决区域资源配置的体制性、结构性问题,推动经济高质量发展,并促进地区间相对平衡。The Chinese economy currently faces the challenges of promoting consumption,adjusting its structure,and fostering growth.Gaining a thorough understanding of the structural transformation in the new development stage is a prerequisite for simultaneously addressing these tasks.As China’s productivity and per capita income increase,the role of the service sector in employment,GDP,and consumption continues to grow,aligning with the trajectory of economic development.However,compared to developed countries at similar historical stages,China has experienced relatively low levels of employment and value-added in the service sector over the past decade,with a difference of approximately 10 percentage points.This inadequate development of the service sector has resulted in insufficient consumer demand and diminished welfare for the people,thus highlighting unbalanced and inadequate economic development in China.In a large country,the optimization of resource allocation plays a vital role in promoting consumption,adjusting the structure,and driving growth.Previous research has frequently neglected the impact of spatial factors on consumption,structure,and growth.However,it is crucial to acknowledge the interconnection between industrial structure and spatial arrangement.Notably,the service sector has experienced more remarkable development in larger cities than in smaller ones.Therefore,facilitating intercity circulation and optimizing spatial structure and agglomeration effects offer significant advantages in enhancing resource allocation efficiency,promoting structural transformation,and fostering economic growth.However,in the past period,urbanization and land policies in China have imposed various restrictions on the development of large cities,leading to an inefficient or mismatched spatial allocation of factors of production among cities.As a result,the proportion of the population residing in China’s major cities is significantly lower than that in developed countries at similar historical stages.The mismatch of

关 键 词：劳动力流动障碍 土地供应政策 结构转型 经济增长 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F301.2[经济管理—国民经济] F124.1