跨欧亚大陆交流的响应——新石器至青铜时代中国北方农业区、牧业区和农牧交错带生业模式演变过程及影响因素  

Different trajectories of livelihood transformations in response to the trans-Eurasian exchange in agricultural,pastoral,and agro-pastoral regions of north China during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age

作　　者：董广辉 梁欢 芦永秀 王佳 DONG Guanghui;LIANG Huan;LU Yongxiu;WANG Jia(Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Zhaotong University,Zhaotong 657000,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China [2]Zhaotong University,Zhaotong 657000,Yunnan,China

出　　处：《Journal of Geographical Sciences》2024年第4期681-698,共18页地理学报（英文版）

基　　金：National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41825001;NSFC-INSF Joint Research Project,No.42261144670;Academician and Expert Workstation of Yunnan Province,No.202305AF150183;European Research Council,No.ERC-2019-ADG 883700-TRAM。

摘　　要：Significant spatiotemporal variation in human livelihood patterns and its relationship to trans-Eurasian exchange and climate change in north China during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age, has been intensively studied in recent years, but the comprehensive influence of natural and social factors on this variation is not well understood. Therefore, we analyze archaeobotanical, zooarchaeological and carbon isotopic data from late Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in agricultural, pastoral, and agro-pastoral regions of north China. Our results demonstrate human subsistence strategies transformed at different speeds in these three geographic areas after wheat, barley, and sheep, goats, and cattle were introduced into north China. Introduced crops and livestock dominated human livelihoods in pastoral regions and became important subsistence in areas above ~1500 m a.s.l. in agro-pastoral regions after ~3600 BP. In agricultural regions, indigenous millet crops were the most important subsistence throughout 6000– 2200 BP, but wheat use increased significantly around 2700 BP. Our study suggests that the introduction of new crops and herbivorous livestock related to the prehistoric trans-Eurasian exchange, and their adaptive advantage in high-cold environments might have rapidly facilitated human adaptability and social development in pastoral regions and northwest margin of agro-pastoral regions during the Bronze Age.

关 键 词：subsistence strategy 6th–3rd Millennium BP north China human-land relation long-distance exchange 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] F329[历史地理—历史学] K22[经济管理—产业经济]