滇池流域城镇区河流底栖动物群落结构及受干扰状况研究  

Study on the Community Structure and Disturbance Status of River Benthic Animals in the Down Area of the Dianchi Lake Basin

作　　者：熊健 李龙 邵智 XIONG Jian;LI Long;SHAO Zhi(Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650032,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明市生态环境科学研究院,云南昆明650032

出　　处：《环境科学导刊》2024年第2期1-5,16,共6页Environmental Science Survey

基　　金：长江生态环境保护修复城市(昆明市)驻点跟踪研究项目(NO.2022-LHYJ-02-0511-01)。

摘　　要：研究城镇区域底栖动物群落结构特征及受干扰状况,对修复城市河流生态系统具有指示意义。以滇池流域为研究对象,基于2021年8月的底栖动物数据,采用优势度指数、生物多样性指数及丰度/生物量比较(ABC)曲线探究了底栖动物群落结构及受干扰状况。研究结果表明:①共鉴定出底栖动物39种,属于3门5纲,以节肢动物门为主,占物种总数的48.7%,水丝蚓属(Limnodrilus sp.)、摇蚊属(Chironomus sp.)等污染指示种为主要优势种。②多样性指数分析表明,流域生物多样性整体较低,Shannon-Weaver多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数在各样点的差异较大,而Pielou均匀度指数各点差异较小。③ABC曲线分析表明,城镇区群落结构干扰程度总体为中度干扰并呈现出一定的空间差异,各河流按干扰程度可以划分为三类,一类为无干扰河流,占比25.0%;一类为轻度干扰河流,占比66.7%;一类为中度干扰,占比8.3%。④本研究结果可为滇池流域城镇区域河流的生态保护提供科学依据,下一步应结合相关环境数据,深入了解各环境类型与底栖动物群落结构的相关关系。The study of the structure and disturbance of benthic communities in the urban areas is instructive for the restoration of urban river ecosystem.Based on the data of the Dianchi Lake basin,the dominance index,biodiversity index and abundance/biomass comparison(ABC)curve in August 2021 were studied.The results showed that 39 species of benthic species were identified,belonging to 3 phyla and 5 classes,mainly arthropods,which accounted for 48.7%of the total species.The pollution indicator species such as Vermis(Limnodrilus sp.)and mosquito(Chironomus sp.)were the main dominant species.Diversity index analysis indicated that the overall biodiversity of the watershed was low,and the Shannon-Weaver diversity index and Margalef richness index were quite different in various points,while the Pielou uniformity index was less different at each point.ABC curve analysis showed that the interference degree of community structure in urban areas was generally moderate interference and presented certain spatial differences.Each river could be divided into three categories according to the degree of interference,namely undisturbed river,slightly disturbed river and moderate interference river,which accounted for 25.0%,66.7%and 8.3%,respectively.The results of this study would provide a scientific basis for the ecological protection of urban rivers in the Dianchi Lake basin.In the next step,relevant environmental data should be combined to deeply understand the relationship between each environment type and benthic community structure.

关 键 词：底栖动物 干扰状况 城镇区 滇池流域 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]