高强度和大运动量相结合的体能类项目训练模式述评  

A Review on the Training Model of Physical Fitness Program Combining High-intensity and High-movement Volume

作　　者：周庆玺 赵亮 刘瑞东 ZHOU Qingxi;ZHAO Liang;LIU Ruidong(School of Education,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084;School of Physical Education,Ningbo University,Ningbo Zhe-jiang 315211;School of Competitive Sports,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学教育学院,中国北京100084 [2]宁波大学体育学院,浙江宁波315211 [3]北京体育大学竞技体育学院,中国北京100084

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2024年第2期135-142,共8页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：中国高等教育学会2023年度高等教育科学研究规划课题:“体教融合”背景下我国高校高水平运动队建设与优化策略研究(23TY0205)。

摘　　要：文章探讨了高强度训练和大运动量训练的结合效果和应用价值,为运动员和教练员提供科学实用的训练指导。研究表明:(1)短时高强度训练主要集中于增强磷酸原供能和糖酵解代谢,这对于短时、高爆发的运动项目尤为重要,能迅速提高运动员的瞬时爆发力和速度。(2)相对而言,大运动量训练更注重有氧能力提高,对于中长距离的耐力项目有显著效果。(3)高强度训练和大运动量训练各有优点,但结合使用效果更为显著。在制定训练计划时,教练员必须深入了解各个运动项目的能量供应特性和运动员的个体差异,从而为运动员提供更为精准的训练建议。研究结论:高强度与大运动量训练在体能训练中都占有不可替代的地位。针对不同体能运动项目和运动员的个体差异,教练员应综合运用高强度和大运动量训练,确保训练效果的最大化。The article discusses the effect and application value of physical fitness training program combining high-intensity training and high-volume in order to provide scientific and practical training guidance for athletes and coaches.The study shows that:(1)Short-duration high-intensity training mainly focuses on the enhancement of phosphagen supply and glycolytic metabolism,which is especially important for short-duration and high-explosive sports,and can rapidly improve the instantaneous explosive power and speed of athletes.(2)Large-volume training comparatively focuses on the enhancement of aerobic capacity,which is effective for middle-and long-distance endurance sports.(3)Both high-intensity and large-volume training have their own advantages,but the combination of them is more effective.When developing training programs,coaches must have a deep understanding of the energy supply characteristics of each sport and the individual differences of athletes,so as to provide athletes with more accurate training rec⁃ommendations.Conclusion:High-intensity and high-volume training play an irreplaceable role in physical training.Coaches should make comprehensive use of high-intensity and high-volume training to maximize the training effect for different physical fitness sports and athletes'individual differences.

关 键 词：能量代谢 乳酸阈模式 两极化模式 高强度间歇训练 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]