城市垃圾焚烧飞灰中氯盐及重金属分离提取技术研究进展  

Research progress on separation and extraction technologies of chlorine salts and heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

作　　者：马斌斌 杨琥[1] 孙志翱 王宇峰 MA Binbin;YANG Hu;SUN Zhiao;WANG Yufeng(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China;Wuxi Huaguang Environment&Energy Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuxi,214000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学环境学院,污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,南京210023 [2]无锡华光环保能源集团股份有限公司,无锡214000

出　　处：《环境化学》2024年第3期790-805,共16页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51978325)资助。

摘　　要：城市垃圾焚烧飞灰具有高氯盐、重金属成分组成复杂等特性,将飞灰中高氯盐及重金属等高价值污染物分离提取并资源化利用不仅可以降低飞灰的危害性,还可以减少天然矿物的开采,具有显著的环境和经济效益.本文根据飞灰中氯盐及重金属分离提取的最新研究报道,结合国内外的工业化应用现状,对各类提取工艺存在的优缺点及发展方向进行综述及展望,以期彻底实现飞灰的无害化处置及资源化利用.当前飞灰中氯盐的分离提取技术已经成功得到应用,但综合处置成本仍明显高于螯合后填埋,有待进一步优化.相比之下,飞灰中重金属的分离提取技术尚处于起步阶段,主要限制因素为回收金属价值难以覆盖其提取成本,并且还面临重金属处理不彻底的问题,仍需继续开展相关技术攻关及政策引导.Municipal waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash contains high levels of chlorine salts and complex heavy metals.The separation and extraction of those valuable pollutants from fly ash,along with their subsequent resource utilization,not only mitigate the hazardous nature of fly ash but also reduce the reliance on natural mineral extraction,thereby yielding significant economic and environmental benefits.This paper presents a comprehensive review and prospective analysis based on the latest research findings regarding the separation and extraction of chlorine salts and heavy metals from fly ash.Given the current status of their industrial applications at home and abroad,the advantages,disadvantages and future directions of various industrial processes are encompassed to helpfully develop the advanced techniques and thus realize the ultimate objective for a completely harmless disposal of fly ash and an efficient resource utilization.In fact,the separation and extraction techniques for chlorine salts in fly ash have been successfully applied,but their overall disposal costs are still noticeably higher than those for chelation followed by landfilling,and these techniques are therefore in need of further optimization.In contrast,the techniques for separating and extracting heavy metals from fly ash are even at the nascent stage.The main challenge is that the obtained earnings of the recovered metals are difficult to cover their extraction costs,besides,there still exists the problem of incomplete treatment of heavy metals.Thus,long-term technological advancements and policy guidance are necessary to overcome the aforementioned obstacles.

关 键 词：城市垃圾焚烧飞灰 氯盐 重金属 分离提取 工业化应用 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]