汉代“奸”罪研究——以《二年律令·杂律》为中心  

On Adultery and Rape in the Han Dynasty:Focusing on Law in the Second Year During Queen of Lv's Reign:Law for Others

作　　者：谢晓燕 XIE Xiaoyan(Qinghai Normal University,Xining Qinghai 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《山西警察学院学报》2024年第2期12-20,共9页Journal of Shanxi Police College

摘　　要：汉代奸罪分为和奸罪与强奸罪。和奸罪中男女双方均为犯罪主体,强奸罪的犯罪主体仅为男性,吏属于奸罪中的特殊身份犯罪主体。因奸所生子女的身份及归属一般从男女双方身份低者,但一方为庶人时,则子女归庶人、身份亦为庶人,属于国家对庶人群体的法律保障性规定。汉代的奸罪因犯罪主体的身份及手段的不同而有不同的量刑标准,一方面反映了汉代的等级伦理差别,有着明显的伦理化印记,尤重于维护尊卑等级和家族内的伦常秩序;一方面反映了汉代法律规定的逐渐细化以及刑罚轻重逐渐合理化的趋势。奸罪处罚在汉初和文帝之后明显不同,一定程度上反映了汉代刑罚的演变轨迹,腐刑在奸罪处罚中的祛除,是奸罪处罚非常重要的转折点。In the Han Dynasty,there were adultery and rape.As for adultery,both the involved male and female were the crime subjects,while only the male for rape and the subject was regarded as special for such crimes.The status and belongingness of the children born as a result of adultery or rape were generally determined by the part with lower status,but when one of the parties was a commoner,the child belonged to this part and also a commoner,which was a legal safeguard from the State for the commoner group.In the Han Dynasty,the sentencing standards for adultery and rape varied according to the different identities of the crime subjects and the means for committing crimes.This,on the one hand,reflected the hierarchical and ethical differences in the Han Dynasty,with obvious ethical imprints,especially emphasizing the maintenance of the hierarchy of superiority and inferiority and the order of the family within the family.And on the other hand,it showed a gradual refinement of the legal provisions in the Han Dynasty as well as a tendency of the gradual rationalization of the severity of the penalties.The punishment for adultery and rape was obviously different in the early Han Dynasty and after Emperor Wen,which to a certain extent reflected the evolution of punishment in the Han Dynasty,and the elimination of castration was a very important turning point in the punishment for adultery and rape.

关 键 词：奸罪 奸腐 杂律 收律 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]