有机肥对渭北旱塬烟区烤烟产质量的影响  

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Weibei Loess Tableland

作　　者：张世杰 杨波 王宾刚 刘云 张喜峰 王文丽[2] 王泽理 李山[3] ZHANG Shijie;YANG Bo;WANG Bingang;LIU Yun;ZHANG Xifeng;WANG Wenli;WANG Zeli;LI Shan(Baoji Tobacco Company of Shaanxi Province,Baoji,Shaanxi 721004;Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070;Gansu Tobacco Industry Limited liability Company,Lanzhou 730050)

机构地区：[1]陕西省烟草公司宝鸡市公司,陕西宝鸡721004 [2]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730070 [3]甘肃烟草工业有限责任公司,兰州730050

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第8期38-46,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省烟草公司宝鸡市公司科技项目“提高宝鸡烟叶在‘兰州’卷烟品牌配方中的适配性技术研究”(KJ-2019005)。

摘　　要：研究有机肥对烤烟产量和品质的影响,可为陕西渭北旱塬烤烟产区有机肥替代部分化肥应用提供理论依据。通过田间试验、室内化学分析及感官评价相结合的方法,研究有机肥部分替代化肥对烤烟生长发育、产量、化学成分、感官评吸质量及经济效益的影响。结果表明:有机肥替代20%~40%的化肥有利于烤烟提早成熟,在烤烟成熟期,可使烤烟倒四叶叶片的SPAD值降低5.63%~6.83%,有机肥替代20%~40%的化肥处理与常规施肥相比,中上等烟叶的占比率提升19.94%~29.76%,总产值和净产值分别提升4.70%~6.96%和8.12%~20.26%,其评吸综合分值显著高于常规施肥和有机肥替代10%的化肥处理。利用主成分分析对代表烤烟产质量的11项指标进行综合评价,有机肥替代30%的化肥处理综合得分最高,其次是有机肥替代20%的化肥处理,再次是有机肥替代40%的化肥处理。在陕西渭北旱塬烟区,有机肥替代20%~40%的化肥有利于烟叶化学成分内在的协调性,能显著促进烟叶成熟,增加烤烟中上等烟叶的占比率,提高烤烟的经济效益。Studying the effects of organic fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco yield and quality can provide a theoretical basis for the application of organic fertilizer partially replacing chemical fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production regions in Weibei dry plateau of Shaanxi Province.Through a combination of field experiment,laboratory chemical analysis and sensory evaluation,the effects of partially replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the growth,development,yield,chemical composition,sensory evaluation of smoking quality,and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco were investigated.The results showed that replacing 20%to 40%of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer was beneficial for the early maturity of fluecured tobacco.During the maturity stage,it led to a decrease in the SPAD value of the forth leaves of tobacco by 5.63%to 6.83%.Compared to conventional fertilization,the proportion of upper-medium grade tobacco leaves increased by 19.94%to 29.76%when organic fertilizer partially replaced 20%to 40%of chemical fertilizer.The total output value and net output value increased by 4.70%to 6.96%and 8.12%to 20.26%,respectively.The comprehensive consuming evaluation score was significantly higher in 10%of chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer treatment than other treatments.Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the 11 indicators representing the quality of flue-cured tobacco.The treatment with organic fertilizer partially replacing 30%of chemical fertilizer obtained the highest overall score,followed by the treatment with organic fertilizer replacing 20%of chemical fertilizer,and then the treatment with organic fertilizer replacing 40%of chemical fertilizer.In the dry terraced tobacco area of the northern Wei River Valley in Shaanxi,replacing 20%to 40%of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer can promote the inherent coordination of tobacco chemical composition,significantly enhance tobacco maturity,increase the proportion of upper-medium grade tobac

关 键 词：有机肥 烤烟 产量 品质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学]