秸秆覆盖对土壤水热状况的影响  

Effects of Straw Mulching on the Soil Moisture and Temperature

作　　者：杨庆楠 高士军 张何普 徐金忠 YANG Qingnan;GAO Shijun;ZHANG Hepu;XU Jinzhong(Heilongjiang Academy of Hydraulic Sciences,Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation,Harbin 150070;College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省水利科学研究院,黑龙江省水土保持重点实验室,哈尔滨150070 [2]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第8期80-85,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题“漫川漫岗水蚀区土壤侵蚀防治的保护性利用模式”(2021YFD 150080505)。

摘　　要：研究秸秆覆盖与传统耕作土壤水热变化规律及对次降雨的响应情况,以期为研发秸秆覆盖关键保护性利用技术提供水热理论基础。借助野外定位含水率温度监测仪,每60 min反馈一次监测数据,持续监测和记录秸秆覆盖后和传统耕作土壤含水量和温度的变化过程特征。结果表明:(1)土壤含水量受次降雨影响大,土壤温度受空气温度影响大。(2)与传统耕作相比,秸秆覆盖可提高土壤含水量和土壤温度。(3)秸秆覆盖土壤含水量呈现“几”字形变化趋势,次降雨对秸秆覆盖土壤含水量补给存在滞后期,含水量升高后可维持一段时间,且随着土层深度的加深,保持高含水量不变的时间越长。(4)秸秆覆盖与传统耕作土壤温度变化趋势基本一致,随着土层深度的加深,土壤温度逐渐降低,越接近地表,土壤温度浮动变化越剧烈,但秸秆覆盖后土壤温度浮动幅度小于传统耕作。秸秆覆盖有较好的保温保墒效果,使土壤受低温胁迫的影响减小。The study aims to investigate the change pattern of soil moisture and temperature under straw mulching and traditional tillage and the response to rainfall,with a view to providing a hydrothermal theoretical basis for the development of key protective utilization technology of straw mulching.With the help of the field location moisture content and temperature monitor,the monitoring data were fed back every 60 minutes.The process characteristics of soil moisture and temperature changes after straw mulching and traditional tillage were continuously monitored and recorded.The results showed that:(1)soil moisture content was greatly affected by the rainfall,and soil temperature was greatly affected by the air temperature.(2)Compared with traditional tillage,straw mulching could increase soil water content and soil temperature.(3)The variation trend of soil moisture content under straw mulching was similar to a parabola.There was a lag period of rainfall on soil moisture content recharge after straw mulching.Soil moisture content could be maintained for a period of time after increasing,and with the deepening of soil depth,the high water content remained unchanged for a longer time.(4)The variation trend of soil temperature under straw mulching was basically consistent with traditional tillage.With the deepening of soil depth,soil temperature decreased gradually.The closer to the ground,the more dramatic temperature changes were found.However,the range of soil temperature fluctuation after straw mulching was smaller than that of traditional tillage.Straw mulching had better effects of heat preservation and soil moisture preservation,which reduced the influence of low temperature stress on the soil.

关 键 词：秸秆覆盖 土壤含水量 土壤温度 传统耕作 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]