外源添加物对不同土地利用方式下土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Additives on Soil Fertility Under Different Land Use Type

作　　者：邓博 郭澎 卫磊嘉 陈上茂 马泽 陈丹[1] 毕利东[1] DENG Bo;GUO Peng;WEI Leijia;CHEN Shangmao;MA Ze;CHEN Dan;BI Lidong(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100;Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited of Power China,Changsha 410014)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京211100 [2]中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,长沙410014

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第8期91-100,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项“黄渤海滩涂生态农牧化与三产融合模式示范”项目的课题三“滩涂渔农种养复合新模式示范”(2020YFD0900703)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨不同土地利用方式(林地、水田和旱田)下,外源添加物对土壤肥力的影响。通过在3种土地利用方式的土壤样品中分别添加生石灰(1 g/kg)、黄腐酸(10 g/kg)、鱼塘底泥(250 g/kg)和生物炭(15 g/kg)4种外源添加物,分析其对土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量的影响。结果显示,在相同外源添加物条件下,土壤碱解氮含量呈旱田>林地>水田的趋势,速效磷含量呈耕作层水田>旱田>林地、犁底层旱田>水田>林地的趋势,速效钾含量无明显规律。具体而言,生石灰对碱解氮无显著影响,但使速效磷平均增加14.87%,速效钾平均减少6.19%。黄腐酸对碱解氮含量影响不大,却导致速效磷平均下降16.36%和速效钾平均下降12.94%。鱼塘底泥显著提高了林地、水田和旱田的土壤速效养分,其中碱解氮平均增加57.68%,速效磷平均增加170.16%,速效钾平均增加20.05%,这表明鱼塘底泥不仅直接提供速效养分,还能促进微生物生长,间接提升土壤肥力。生物炭对碱解氮含量影响不显著,但显著增加了各土样的速效磷和速效钾含量,平均增幅分别为89.80%和65.02%。综上所述,4种外源添加物对不同土地利用方式下的土壤肥力有显著差异,其中生物炭和鱼塘底泥的施用对提高土壤肥力尤为有效。To clarify the effects of exogenous additives on soil fertility under different land uses types(forest land,paddy field and dry field)and to provide reference for the use of exogenous additives in agricultural production and environmental management.Four exogenous additives including quicklime(1 g/kg),fulvic acid(10 g/kg),fish pond sediment(250 g/kg)and biochar(15 g/kg),were added to soil samples from forest land,paddy field and dry field to study the effects of quicklime,fulvic acid,fish pond sediment and biochar on the content of available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of the soil.The results showed that,under the same exogenous additives,the content of soil available nitrogen in different land uses showed the trend of dry field>forest land>paddy field,the content of soil available phosphorus showed the trend of cultivated layer paddy field>dry field>forest land and plow bottom dry field>paddy field>forest land,and the content of soil available potassium did not have any obvious pattern.Quicklime had no significant effect on the content of soil available nitrogen,which would increase the content of soil available phosphorus by 14.87%on average and reduce the content of soil available potassium by 6.19%on average;fulvic acid had no significant effect on the content of soil available nitrogen,and it would reduce the content of soil available phosphorus by 16.36%and available potassium by 12.94%on average;fish pond sediment had significant effect on soil available nutrients in the cultivated layer and plow bottom of forest land,paddy field and dry field,which would increase the average content of the soil available nitrogen by 57.68%,available phosphorus by 170.16%and available potassium by 20.05%.In addition to the increase of available nutrients brought by the fish pond sediment,it could promote the growth of soil microorganisms and thus indirectly increasing the available nutrients of the soil;biochar had no significant effect on the content of soil available nitrogen,and it would increa

关 键 词：外源添加物 土壤速效养分 土地利用方式 土壤肥力 碱解氮 速效磷 速效钾 

分 类 号：S185.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]