湖北襄阳地区水稻落粒、杆枯等不正常生长现象的解析  

Analysis of Abnormal Growing Phenomena Occurred in Xiangyang District,Hubei Province:Grain-Dropping in Advance and Pole-Withered

作　　者：杨小林[1,2,3] 薛敏峰 张舒[1,2] 李进波 吕亮[1,2] 常向前 张佑宏[5] 龚艳[5] YANG Xiaolin;XUE Minfeng;ZHANG Shu;LI Jinbo;LV Liang;CHANG Xiangqian;ZHANG Youhong;GONG Yan(Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064;Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,Wuhan 430064;Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,Wuhan 430070;Food Crops Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064;Hubei Biological Pesticide Engineering Research Center,Wuhan 430064)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]华中作物有害生物综合治理农业农村部重点实验室,武汉430064 [3]湖北洪山实验室,武汉430070 [4]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,武汉430064 [5]湖北省生物农药工程研究中心,武汉430064

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第8期112-118,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：湖北省农业科技创新中心项目“水稻病虫害综合防控”(2016-620-000-001-017)。

摘　　要：襄阳地区是湖北省重要的粮仓地,稻-麦轮作是当地主要的栽培模式。农户多年自留种后水稻生产上出现落粒和穗腐,为了探讨引起水稻不良生长的原因,进行现场取样和调查分析。采用形态特征观察以及分子生物学鉴定,以市场所购‘黄华占’作对照、经41对水稻分子特异性标记检测,以及使用生长速率法测定化学药剂对分离到的病原菌的毒力。结果表明:病样分离获得4种致病菌,分别为稻黑孢菌、层出镰孢菌、木贼镰孢菌和禾谷镰孢菌;显示农户连续6年自留的‘黄华占’种子未发生变异,连续6年自留的稻种播于免耕田中,所获的稻谷有12个指纹不同于对照,表明自留6年的‘黄华占’稻种在田间生长中出现变异;70%唑醚·丙森锌WG和23%醚菌·氟环唑SC对致病菌的生长均有抑制作用。多年连续留种会引起稻种生命力衰减,导致田间水稻长势衰弱,易遭受病害侵袭,出现异常生长现象。正确用种、科学管理及适期药剂防治是保障水稻安全生产的重要举措。Xiangyang district is an important granary in Hubei Province,rice and wheat rotation is the main cultivation mode in the area.Grain drop and spike rot had appeared in rice production after using rice seeds successively reserved by farmers themselves.In order to explore the cause of poor growth of rice,samples on the spot for investigation were taken and analysis of these phenomena was carried out.Through the method of morphological characteristics observation and molecular biology identification,using the rice‘Huanghuazhan’purchased from the market as control,41 pairs of rice molecular specific markers were detected,the virulence of chemical agents to the isolated pathogens was determined by the growth rate method.Four species of pathogens were isolated from withered rod and rotten ears including Nigrospora oryzae,Fusarium proliferatum,Fusarium equiseti,Fusarium graminearum;the seeds from farmers which were successively reserved for 6 years had no heteromorphosis,but rice grains harvested in the no-tillage rice field had 12 fingerprints different from the contrast.It indicated that the seeds of‘Huanghuazhan’preserved by farmers for 6 years had variation in field growth;Zoloether·propineb 70%WG and Kresoxim-methyl·epoxiconazole 23%SC could inhibit the growth of all pathomycetes.Continuous seed retention for many years will cause the vitality of rice seeds to decay,resulting in weak growth of rice in the field,vulnerable to disease invasion,and abnormal growth.Correctly using seeds,scientific management and the control of suitable agrochemicals are important measures to ensure the safe production of rice.

关 键 词：襄阳麦茬稻区 水稻 自留种 自落粒 穗腐病 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]