运用宏基因组技术研究施加中药渣有机肥对丹参及土壤微生物群落的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer from traditional Chinese medicine residues on growth and soil microbial community of Salvia miltiorrhiza by metagenomic technique

作　　者：王紫涵 刘莎 杨光[1] 陆祖瑜 朱荣清 李颖[1] 申业[1] 康利平[1] 陈美兰[1] WANG Zi-han;LIU Sha;YANG Guang;LU Zu-yu;ZHU Rong-qing;LI Ying;SHEN Ye;KANG Li-ping;CHEN Mei-lan(State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院、中药资源中心、道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2024年第5期1206-1216,共11页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03906);国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173931)。

摘　　要：土壤微生物组是土壤健康的关键性评价指标,前期的研究表明中药渣有机肥能够提高栽培中药材的产量和质量,但是中药渣有机肥对于土壤微生物组的影响相关的报道很少。基于此该研究在评价中药渣有机肥对栽培丹参产量和质量影响的基础上,采用宏基因组测序技术研究中药渣有机肥对栽培丹参根际微生物组群落以及功能的影响。实验结果表明①施用中药渣有机肥促进了丹参生长以及有效成分的积累,其中丹参地上干重、地下干重、地上鲜重、地下鲜重的提高幅度为371.4%、288.3%、313.4%、151.9%;迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B的提高幅度为887.0%、183.0%。②施用中药渣有机肥显著改变了栽培丹参根际细菌和真菌群落结构,微生物的群落组成具有显著性的区别。③施用中药渣有机肥能够显著提高多亚硝化螺菌Nitrosospira multiformis、枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis、产酶溶杆菌Lysobacter enzymogenes以及木霉菌Trichoderma等土壤有益菌的相对丰度。④KEGG功能预测分析表明,施加有机肥后的土壤环境中更容易富集与代谢相关的微生物;施加中药渣有机肥后还可增加与硝化作用、反硝化作用相关的功能基因的丰度。该研究结果为今后中药渣有机肥在中药材栽培中的应用提供指导,丰富了中药材绿色栽培技术的内容。Soil microbiome is a key evaluation index of soil health.Previous studies have shown that organic fertilizer from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)residues can improve the yield and quality of cultivated traditional Chinese medicinal materials.However,there are few reports on the effects of organic fertilizer from TCM residues on soil microbiome.Therefore,on the basis of evaluating the effects of organic fertilizer from TCM residues on the yield and quality of cultivated Salvia miltiorrhiza,the metagenomic sequencing technique was used to study the effects of organic fertilizer from TCM residues on rhizosphere microbiome community and function of cultivated S.miltiorrhiza.The results showed that:①the application of organic fertilizer from TCM residues promoted the growth of S.miltiorrhiza and the accumulation of active components,and the above-ground and underground dry weight and fresh weight of S.miltiorrhiza increased by 371.4%,288.3%,313.4%,and 151.9%.The increases of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B were 887.0% and 183.0%.②The application of organic fertilizer from TCM residues significantly changed the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community structures,and the microbial community composition was significantly different.③The relative abundance of soil-beneficial bacteria,such as Nitrosospira multiformis,Bacillus subtilis,Lysobacter enzymogenes,and Trichoderma was significantly increased by the application of organic fertilizer from TCM residues.④KEGG function prediction analysis showed that metabolismrelated microorganisms were more easily enriched in the soil environment after organic fertilizer application.The abundance of functional genes related to nitrification and denitrification could also be increased after the application of organic fertilizer from TCM residues.The results of this study provide guidance for the future application of organic fertilizer from TCM residues in the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and enrich the content of green cultivation technolog

关 键 词：丹参 中药渣有机肥 土壤微生物 群落结构多样性 宏基因组 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培] S154.3[农业科学—作物学]