南极菲尔德斯半岛环境保护与人类活动管理对策研究  

The research on the management strategies of environmental protection and human activities for the Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica

作　　者：李学峰 马琛 岳奇[1] 余静 张祥国[1] 滕欣[1] LI Xuefeng;MA Chen;YUE Qi;YU Jing;ZHANG Xiangguo;TENG Xin(Institute for Marine Resources Protection and Utilization,National Ocean Technology Center,Tianjin 300112,China;College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋技术中心海洋资源保护利用研究院,天津300112 [2]中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院,青岛266100

出　　处：《世界地理研究》2024年第3期15-28,共14页World Regional Studies

基　　金：国家海洋局极地考察办公室业务项目(C3220JD01);国家海洋技术中心科技创新基金项目(Y2200Z001)。

摘　　要：随着全球气候变化的加剧和极地人类活动的增多,南极及其生态系统正面临前所未有的变化。国际社会对减轻和适应这些变化的持续关注,促使人们不断呼吁采用基于生态系统的方法来管理南极地区的人类活动。在世界诸多区域,海洋空间规划已成为将这一概念转化为管理实践的重要途径,并被认为是实现极地空间综合管理的新工具。南极菲尔德斯半岛是南极海域最大的无冰区,该地区具有科考站密度高、人类活动多、生物多样性丰富等特点,是研究南极生态环境保护、人类活动与空间管理的理想区域。结合中国第36次南极科学考察,系统梳理了菲尔德斯半岛自然环境、生物分布与区域保护等环境特征,简要分析了科学考察站基活动、南极旅游、海上与空中交通、商业捕捞等主要人类活动及其环境影响,在此基础上,开展了海洋空间规划在菲尔德斯半岛的实践研究,初步建议提出了由3个“一级功能区”与10个“二级功能区”构成的分区体系,以实现对南极脆弱生态环境的有效保护与人类活动的科学管理,为海洋空间规划在南极地区更大尺度、更广范围的应用提供借鉴参考。In view of the intensification of global climate change and the increase of polar human activities,the Antarctic and its ecosystem are facing unprecedented changes.The continuing concern of the international community to mitigate and adapt to these changes has prompted an ongoing call for an ecosystem-based approach to manage human activities in the Antarctic.In many sea areas around the world,Marine Spatial Planning has become an effective way to transform this concept into management practice,which could be a new tool for the comprehensive management of polar oceans.The Fildes Peninsula is the largest ice-free area in the Antarctic,which is characterised by high density of scientific research stations,abundant human activities and rich biodiversity.It is an ideal research area for the study of Antarctic ecological conservation,human activities and spatial management.Combining with the 36th Chinese Antarctic scientific expedition,the environmental characteristics of Fildes Peninsula,such as natural environment,biological distribution and regional protection,were systematically summarised;the main human activities and their environmental impacts,such as Antarctic station-based activities,Antarctic tourism,sea and air traffic,and commercial fishing were briefly analysed.On this basis,a practical study of Marine Spatial Planning on the Fildes Peninsula was carried out,and a zoning system consisting of 3"first-level functional zones"and 10"second-level functional zones"was proposed to realize effective protection of fragile ecological environment and scientific management of human activities in the Antarctic.It provides reference for the application of marine spatial planning in larger scale and wider scope in the Antarctic region.

关 键 词：南极 菲尔德斯半岛 环境保护 人类活动 海洋空间规划 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]