辛硫磷对罗氏沼虾的毒性效应研究  

Toxic Effect of Phoxim on Giant River Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

作　　者：纪鹏 许文静 敖士齐 吴聪聪 张晓君[1] 高晓建 姜群 JI Peng;XU Wenjing;AO Shiqi;WU Congcong;ZHANG Xiaojun;GAO Xiaojian;JIANG Qun(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2024年第1期52-59,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32002386);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(JATS[2021]505);罗氏沼虾产业重大技术协同推广计划(2021-ZYXT-05-4)。

摘　　要：为探究辛硫磷对水产动物的毒性作用,在水温(21.0±0.5)℃下,将平均体质量为(1.2±0.2)g的罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)置于30 L水体中,水中辛硫磷浓度为0μg/L(对照组)、3.125μg/L、6.25μg/L、12.5μg/L、25.0μg/L、50.0μg/L和100.0μg/L,采用半静水方法开展急性毒性试验。为进一步探究辛硫磷对罗氏沼虾的毒性及损伤的可逆性,将罗氏沼虾暴露于1/3 96 h半数致死浓度(LC50)的辛硫磷水体中饲养4 d后,移至清水中饲养7 d,对照组饲养于清水中,每天更换1/2水体,设置3个平行,每组40尾罗氏沼虾。在第0 d、4 d、11 d随机取各组肝胰腺、鳃和肠道,用Bouin’s试液固定,进行组织病理学观察;在第0 d、1 d、2 d、4 d、11 d随机取肝胰腺和肌肉组织,液氮中快速冷冻,-80℃保存,用于酶活和基因表达测定。结果表明,辛硫磷对罗氏沼虾的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h LC50分别是16.834μg/L、10.644μg/L、8.570μg/L和6.988μg/L,属剧毒。暴露于2μg/L的辛硫磷中4 d,罗氏沼虾肝胰腺、鳃和肠道组织损伤严重,肝小管结构破坏,管内空隙消失,鳃丝顶部膨大,鳃基部出现空泡,肠道绒毛结构受损,上皮细胞脱落;肝胰腺谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性显著下降(P<0.01),氧自由基和脂氧化产物(丙二醛,MDA)含量显著上升(P<0.01),抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶,SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶,GSH-p X)活性显著下降(P<0.01),神经传导关键酶(乙酰胆碱酶,ACh E)活性显著下降(P<0.01),免疫相关基因(alf基因、hsp基因、hemocyanin基因和proPO基因)表达量显著下调(P<0.01)。移至清水养殖7 d后,罗氏沼虾的组织病理损伤、肝胰腺功能、氧化应激、神经和免疫损伤均有恢复,但未恢复至对照组水平,表明辛硫磷对罗氏沼虾的部分损伤不可逆。To evaluate the potential threat of phoxim to aquatic animals,giant river prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) with average body weight of(1.2 ±0.2) g was placed in 30 L of water with phoxim concentrations of 0 μg/L(control group),3.125 μg/L,6.25 μg/L,12.5 μg/L,25.0 μg/L,50.0 μg/L and 100.0 μg/L for acute toxicity test at water temperature of(21.0 ±0.5) ℃ by semi-hydrostatic method.In order to further explore the toxicity and reversibility of phoxim to giant river prawn,the prawns were exposed to 1/3 96 h median lethal concentration(LC50) of phoxim for 4 d,then moved to clean water for 7 d.Prawns reared in clean water were kept as the control group.1/2 water was exchanged every day,and 3 parallels were included in each group.At the 0th,4th and 11th days,the hepatopancreas,gills and intestines were randomly sampled and fixed with Bouin's solution for histopathological observation;at the0th,1st,2nd,4th,and 11th days,the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues were randomly collected,flash frozen in liquid nitrogen,and stored at-80 ℃ for detection of the oxidative stress enzyme activity and immune gene expression through multiple biomarkers.It was found that the LC50of phoxim was 16.834 μg/L for 24 h,10.644 μg/L for 48 h,8.570 μg/L for 72 h,and 6.988 μg/L for 96 h.The4-day exposure to phoxim resulted in severe damage to the hepatopancreas,gills and intestinal tissues of giant river prawn including disappearance of the star-shaped lumen and the vacuole structure of the tubules in the hepatopancreas,swollen top of gill filaments at the base of gill,injured intestinal villi,and epithelial cells abscission in intestinal tissue.The activities of alanine aminotransferase(GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase(GOT) were significantly decreased(P < 0.01),indicating serious damage of hepatopancreas function.Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) and malondialdehyde(MDA) were shown to be accumulated in the hepatopancreas(P < 0.01),while the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-pX) were significantly dec

关 键 词：辛硫磷 罗氏沼虾 急性毒性 组织病理损伤 氧化应激 

分 类 号：S966.12[农业科学—水产养殖]